Nd3+-doped Y2-2x La2x O3 (x=0.08) transparent ceramics were fabricated by conventional fabrication process. Spectroscopic properties of the samples were investigated. The absorption band of Nd3+: Y1.84La0.16O3 was broad covering the wavelength range 780—850 nm. When doped with 1.5at% Nd3+, the cross sections of the sample at 820 nm and laser diode pumped 808 nm were 1.81×10-20cm2 and 1.54×10-20cm2, respectively. The strongest emission peak of the sample was centered at 1078 nm with long fluorescent lifetime, broad emission bandwidth and high quantum efficiency. Because of the additive La2O3, the spectroscopic quality parameter (XNd) of matrix was decreased from 1.6 to 0.46, thus the fluorescence branch ratio of 4F3/2—4I11/2 transition was increased to 56.82%. These properties of Nd3+: Y1.84La0.16O3 transparent ceramic are benefitial to achieve high efficient laser output and ultrashort modelocked pulse.