A novel structure of single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed numerically based on a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. Through optimization a fiber with confinement loss less than 0.1 dB/km in the wavelengths range of 1.38 to 1.61 μm is obtained. The corresponding design procedures for the novel SPSM-PCF are also presented.