The compound X-ray refractive lens is a kind of optical components for X-rays focusing and imaging. This paper reports the authors’ research on focusing performance of the compound X-ray refractive lens with fabrication errors. Firstly SEM measurements of the semi-cylindrical PMMA compound X-ray refractive lens fabricated by means of deep X-ray lithography are performed, and accordingly the fabrication errors are measured. Then the theoretical analysis and simulations are done for the focusing performance of the compound X-ray refractive lens with the fabrication errors. Finally, X-ray microbeam experimental system is built on the 4W1A beamline of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) for measuring the focusing performance of the semi-cylindrical PMMA X-ray refractive lenses we fabricated. And the focusing performances of the semi-cylindrical PMMA compound X-ray refractive lenses with and without distinct fabrication errors are measured and analyzed under 8 keV monochromatic X-rays.