In this paper, the highly ordered periodic silver nanosphere arrays are fabricated by vacuum evaporation based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The diameter and spacing of silver nanosphere in the arrays are adjusted just by controlling the thickness of evaporation. Furthermore, this can effectively modulate the absorption peaks and bandwidths in ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared regions. The measurement results of absorption spectra show that the nano-arrays have obvious electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands. The finite-difference time-domain theoretical simulation combined with experiments is used to analyze the physical mechanism of light absorption characteristics in different wavebands. The ultraviolet strong absorption is due to the Fano resonance induced by asymmetric dielectric environment of silver and aluminum; the visible absorption originates from local surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles; the near-infrared strong absorption is attributed to the surface lattice resonance of silver nanosphere arrays.