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中国物理学会期刊

富钠反钙钛矿型固态电解质的简易合成与电化学性能

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20201227

Facile synthesis and electrochemical properties of Na-rich anti-perovskite solid electrolytes

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20201227
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  • 全固态钠电池兼具高安全和低成本的潜在优势, 是储能领域的热点发展技术之一. 高性能固态电解质是实现全固态钠电池的关键因素. 近年来, 反钙钛矿型锂/钠离子导体因高离子电导率和灵活的结构设计, 已经受到广泛关注. 然而, 富钠反钙钛矿型Na3OBrxI1–x(0 < x < 1)的合成复杂、室温离子电导率偏低、且电化学性能研究较少. 本文通过简单合成路径得到纯相反钙钛矿型Na3OBrxI1–x, 经过100 ℃热处理之后, 其离子电导率在100 ℃可达10–3 S·cm–1以上. 然而, 随着温度降低, 离子电导率会发生跳变. 通过固态核磁共振(NMR)分析, 表明该现象可能与材料复杂的结构对称性和钠位变化有关. 同时, 对Na3OBrxI1–x在全固态钠电池中的可行性进行了评估. 研究表明, Na3OBrxI1–x材料不具有“亲钠性”, 通过离子液体对界面进行修饰后, Na3OBrxI1–x展现出良好的钠金属相容性, 组装的TiS2/Na3OBr0.5I0.5/Na-Sn全电池首次放电比容量为190 mAh·g–1. 本文促进了对反钙钛矿型Na3OBrxI1–x结构和性质的理解, 并初步探究了其作为钠离子固态电解质的应用前景.

     

    All-solid-state sodium batteries are promising candidates in energy storage applications due to their high safety and low cost. A suitable solid electrolyte is a key component for high-performance all-solid-state sodium battery. Current inorganic solid electrolytes mainly include oxide- and sulfide-based electrolytes. However, the oxide-based electrolytes require to be sinetred above 1000 ℃ for high ionic conductivity, and most sulfide-based electrolytes can react with H2O torelease toxic H2S gas. These features will hinder the practical application of all-solid-state sodium batteries. In recent years, novel sodium ionic conductors have appeared successively. Among them, anti-perovskite type of Li/Na ionic conductor has received a lot of attention because of its high ionic conductivity and flexible structure design. Nevertheless, the synthesis of Na-rich anti-perovskite Na3OBrxI1–x (0 < x < 1) is complex, the ionic conductivity at room temperature is relatively low, and its electrochemical properties remain unknown. Here in this work, the phase-pure Na-rich anti-perovskite Na3OBrxI1–x is synthesized by a facile synthesis way. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the anti-perovskite structure without any impurity phase is obtained. Alternating-current (AC) impedance spectrum is used for measuring ionic conductivity of electrolyte pellets after thermally being treated at around 100 ℃. The Na3OBr0.3I0.7 exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.47 × 10–3 S/cm at 100 ℃. Unfortunately, the ionic conductivity experiences a sharp drop with the decrease of temperature, which may be related to the change of structural symmetry and Na sites in the structure revealed by solid state 23Na NMR. In particular, the ionic conductivities of Na3OBrxI1–x demonstrate the potential applications at medium temperature (40-80 ℃ in which the ionic conductivity of Na3OBrxI1–x is close to or higher than 10–4 S/cm) for all-solid-state sodium battery. Therefore, the compatibility against Na metal and the electrochemical performance in all-solid-state batteries have been evaluated. Since Na3OBrxI1–x is not “Na-philic”, the resistance in impedance of the Na/Na3OBr0.5I0.5/Na is very high. However, after modifying the interface by ionic liquid, the Na3OBr0.5I0.5 exhibits good compatibility against Na metal and tiny ionic liquid also leads to high initial discharge specific capacity of 190 mAh/g and excellent cycling stability (around 127 mAh/g after 10 cycles) in the TiS2/Na3OBr0.5I0.5/Na-Sn solid-state battery. The capacity decay maybe results from the inferior interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode materials because the electrode materials in this system experience large volume change during cycling. The successful operation in solid-state sodium batteries indicates that the Na3OBrxI1–x is feasible to be used as a sodium solid electrolyte, which is of great importance for practical application of Na-rich anti-perovskite solid electrolytes.

     

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