Based on the gas multi-pass absorption cell with dual-optical paths (long optical path: 72.46 m; short optical path: 36.23 m), a measurement method of simultaneously detecting water vapor absorption spectra is advanced. Combining with a narrow line-width external cavity diode laser and a high-precision Fabry-Perot etalon, a high-resolution simultaneous measurement device with dual-optical paths for water vapor absorption spectra in 1 μm band is developed. Since the external cavity diode laser has excellent polarization characteristics which could be combined with a half-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter to implement the laser transmissions in dual-optical paths simultaneously. Both the multi-pass absorption cell and the Fabry-Perot etalon in the measurement device have pressure and temperature control units, which are utilized for achieving ambient stability. The free spectral range of Fabry-Perot etalon is accurately measured by the method of optical comb frequency. Corresponding free spectral range with a deviation of only 0.02 % from the theoretical value is obtained to be a value of 749.52 MHz, and the influence of temperature on the frequency shift of etalon is less than 1 % of the measured value. The stability of the pressure and the temperature in the dual-optical path gas multi-pass absorption cell in the system are evaluated in detail, and the calculated relative errors are not more than 0.03 % and 0.02 %, respectively. At a temperature of 300 K, the system is used to measure the absorption spectra of water vapor at 9152.53 cm^–1 from 400 Pa to 2000 Pa on dual-optical paths, then the integrated absorbance and Lorentzian line-width of water vapor for long optical path and short optical path are inverted by fitting absorption spectra with Voigt profile respectively. The absorption line intensities and self-broadening coefficients are acquired by performing linear fitting to the integrated absorbance and Lorentzian line-width under different pressures. And the relative deviations of the average values of the dual-optical path absorption line intensities (converted to the reference temperature of 296 K) and the self-broadening coefficients and the corresponding data of the HITRAN2016 database are 0.78 % and 3.8 %, respectively. Consequently, the feasibility of the dual-optical path simultaneous measurement method and the reliability of the measurement device are demonstrated by the results.