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中国物理学会期刊

CaZrO3改性(Na, K)NbO3基无铅陶瓷电学性能的温度稳定性

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.70.20210440

Temperature-stable electrical properties of CaZrO3-modified (Na, K)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.70.20210440
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  • 压电陶瓷广泛用于驱动器、传感器等电子领域, 但是目前主要使用的压电陶瓷是铅基陶瓷. 基于保护环境和社会可持续发展的需要, 无铅压电陶瓷的研发变得迫切. 无铅压电陶瓷(K,Na)NbO3(KNN)因具有较高压电常数和居里温度, 而受到广泛关注. 然而较差的温度稳定性限制了其应用. 本文通过二步合成法制备了电学性能温度稳定的(1–x)(Na0.52K0.48)0.95Li0.05NbO3-xCaZrO3(NKLN-xCZ)陶瓷, 研究了CaZrO3对KNN基陶瓷微结构及电学性能的作用. 研究结果表明: 适量CaZrO3改善了样品烧结性能, 得到了致密陶瓷. 随CaZrO3增加, NKLN-CZ陶瓷的三方相(R)-四方相(T)共存出现在组分为 0.05\leqslant x \leqslant 0.06. x = 0.05时, 陶瓷样品不但具有高居里温度(Tc = 373 ℃), 而且表现出良好电学性能(d33 = 198 pC/N, kp = 39%, εr = 1140, tanδ =0.034, Pr = 21 μC/cm2, Ec = 18.2 kV/cm). 此外, 该陶瓷由于存在弥散R-T相变, 导致其相变温度区间拓宽, 因此, 该陶瓷具有较好的电学性能温度稳定: 在温度范围为–50—150 ℃, NKLN–0.05CZ陶瓷的kp保持在34%—39% (kp变化量 \leqslant13\%).

     

    Piezoelectric ceramics are mainly used in the electronic fields such as actuators, sensors, etc. However, at present the piezoelectric ceramics widely used are lead-based ceramics, which are detrimental to the environment. Based on the needs of environmental protection and social sustainable development, the research of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics becomes urgent. (K, Na) NbO3 (KNN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have attracted much attention due to their high piezoelectric coefficient and Curie temperature. However, temperature stability of ceramics is poor, which limits their applications. In this work, (1–x)(Na0.52K0.48)0.95Li0.05NbO3-xCaZrO3(NKLN-xCZ) ceramics with temperature stability are prepared by two-step synthesis. The effects of CaZrO3 on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of KNN-based ceramics are studied. The results show that the appropriate introduction of CaZrO3 can improve the sintering properties of the samples and obtain dense ceramics. All the samples have typical perovskite structure without impurity. With the increase of CaZrO3, the temperature of orthorhombic(O)-Tetragonal (T) phase transition (TO-T) and Curie temperature (TC) move from high temperature to low temperature, while the transition temperature (TO-R) moves from low temperature to room temperature, and then, tetragonal (T) phase and rhombohedral (R) phase coexist in NKLN-xCZ ceramics as 0.05 \leqslant x \leqslant0.06 . When x = 0.05, the ceramics have high Curie temperature (Tc = 373 ℃), and show good piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties (piezoelectric constant d33 = 198 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp = 39%, εr = 1140, tanδ = 0.034, Pr = 21 μC/cm2, Ec = 18.2 kV/cm) because of the density of ceramics and existence of R-T phase boundary around room temperature. In addition, the relative permittivity of ceramics changes with the increase of frequency, which shows a certain relaxation behavior. The relaxation characteristics can be expressed by the modified Curie-Weiss law (1/εr–1/εr,m) = C(TTm)α. With the increase of CZ content, the dispersion coefficient α of ceramics increases (x = 0.07, α = 1.96), which can be ascribed to A-site cation disorder induced by the addition of CZ. The temperature range of phase transition is widened because of the diffused R-T phase transition. Therefore, the ceramics have temperature-stable electrical properties: the kp of NKLN-0.05CZ ceramics is kept at 34%–39% (variation of kp \leqslant 13\% ) in a temperature range of –50–150 ℃. It provides methods and ideas for further exploring the temperature stability of KNN-based ceramics.

     

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