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不耐烦情绪是一种因人而异的心理因素, 且随环境实时变化. 本研究构建了基于元胞自动机的行人微观模型, 并用其研究了双向行人流在不耐烦行为决策影响下的动态特征. 模型定义了潜在势能场表达行人对可用空间的占用倾向, 合理体现双向流行人决策的前摄效应. 提出在行人运动过程中, 根据瞬时状态测量、记录和更新行人个体不耐烦水平的方法, 并以此触发个性化行为. 对比研究了3种不同的不耐烦行为模式的作用效果. 仿真试验结果显示, 与不考虑不耐烦行为相比, 当不耐烦水平用于触发横跨行为时, 双向流在速度、流率和等待时间方面的表现均有改善; 当不耐烦用于直接计算行人对有限空间的竞争力时, 这3项指标则在大部分密度水平下均呈恶化. 针对不耐烦作用强度与决策阈值的参数灵敏度分析显示了模型在不耐烦作用表现方面的灵活性. 同时, 分场景的仿真试验还揭示了低比例慢速行人、步道宽度及混合行为模式等对双向流效率的作用.Impatience is a psychological factor that varies from person to person and constantly changes with the environment in real time. In this paper, a model based on cellular automaton is presented to investigate the dynamics of bi-directional flow, with considering individual impatient behaviors. Potential field is defined to represent pedestrian’s interest in available space, which provides an approach to the description of proactive mechanism in bi-directional flow. By formulating the dynamics with controllable parameters, individual impatience level is measured, recorded and updated to trigger off the personalized behaviors. Three different patterns of impatient behaviors are modeled and compared with each other. Simulation results demonstrate the different performances of impatient behavior patterns. Comparing with the situation without considering impatience, bidirectional flow is improved in terms of speed, flow rate and waiting time when impatience level is used to triggers off the sidestep behavior. However, the collective performance shows a deterioration at a most density level when impatience is regarded as a direct parameter to estimate the priority to a target cell among several competitors. The parameter sensitivity analysis of impatience intensity and decision threshold shows the flexibility of the model to present the impatience effect. Simulation experiments under different scenarios also reveal the effects of low proportion of slower pedestrians, walkway width and mixed behavior mode on the efficiency of pedestrian counter flow.
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Keywords:
- cellular automaton /
- bidirectional pedestrian flow /
- fundamental diagram /
- impatient behavior








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