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中国物理学会期刊

非厄米临界动力学及其在量子多体系统中的应用

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.71.20220914

Non-Hermitian critical dynamics and its application to quantum many-body systems

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.71.20220914
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  • 近些年来, 非厄米与强关联两种元素开始融合并形成物理学中的一个重要研究领域, 相关理论与实验的进展重塑了人们对于物质的理解. 在该领域中, 研究对象并不局限于非厄米元素对多体系统能谱以及本征态性质的影响, 研究者们更加关注对量子态的操纵. 例外点作为非厄米量子力学区别于厄米量子力学中最显著的特征得到了大家广泛的关注. 除了围绕能谱例外点的非厄米拓扑能带理论以及量子探测等最新进展外, 本文重点阐述以能谱例外点为基础的临界动力学现象及其在量子多体系统中的应用. 当系统处于能谱例外点上时, 属于例外点合并子空间中的任意初始态都将投影到体系的合并态上. 基于量子态演化的方向性, 本文回顾了近年来本课题组在量子自旋系统所发现的外场诱导的动力学磁化、横场Ising模型中的有限温相变、中心-环境系统中的量子铸模以及非厄米强关联系统中的超导态制备等几个代表性工作, 着重讨论了与例外点相关的新的非平衡量子态制备方法以及探测方案.

     

    In recent years, two independent research fields, i.e. non-Hermitian andstrongly correlated systems have been merged, forming an important researchfield in physics. The progress of relevant theories and experiments hasreshaped our understanding of matter. In this field, the research object isnot limited to the influence of non-Hermiticity on the energy spectrum andthe eigenstate properties of many-body systems. Researchers have paid more attentionto the manipulation of quantum states. It is universally received that the exceptional point is the most significant featurethat distinguishes non-Hermitian quantum mechanics from Hermitian quantum mechanics. In addition to the recent advances in non-Hermitian topological band theory and quantum sensing around the exceptional points, this paper concentrates on the non-Hermitian critical dynamical phenomenon and its application to the quantum many-body system. When the system has an exceptional point, an arbitrary initial state belonging to the coalescent subspace will be projected on the coalescent state. Based on the directionality of the evolved quantum state, this paper reviews our several representative researches in recent years, including local-field-induced dynamical magnetization, quantum phase transition in transverse field, Ising model at non-zero temperature, quantum mold casting in the center-environment system, as well as superconducting state preparation in the non-Hermitian strongly correlated system. We also focus on the new preparation methods and detection schemes of non-equilibrium quantum states related to exception points.

     

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