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中国物理学会期刊

基于局域耦合相位调控的二能级巨原子-双波导系统中的单光子散射

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.74.20250505

Single-photon scattering in a two-level giant atom-dual waveguide coupled system based on local coupling phase regulation

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.74.20250505
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  • 研究了两个巨原子耦合两个一维无限长波导体系中单光子的散射问题. 基于实空间方法推导了各散射振幅的解析表达式, 并据此给出了光子定向路由的一般条件. 研究发现, 通过调节原子间的偶极相互作用、累积相位和局域耦合相位差等参数, 可实现定向路由光子频率的连续可调. 并进一步揭示了光子输运的非互易特性与手性散射机制. 理论分析表明, 非互易性由累积相位、局域耦合相位差、光子-原子频率失谐及原子耦合强度共同调控, 据此建立了完美非互易散射的判据, 并展示了两种典型的完美非互易现象; 与之不同的是, 手性散射仅受累积相位和局域耦合相位差调控, 与频率失谐无关, 由此导出两种完美手性散射的条件, 并对其进行展示. 值得注意的是, 在特定参数条件下, 系统可同时实现完美手性散射与定向散射的协同效应, 展现了该体系在量子信息处理中的潜在应用价值.

     

    This work is to investigate the single-photon scattering in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system consisting of two dipole-coupled giant atoms, each interacting with a separate one-dimensional infinite waveguide at two distinct coupling points. Our primary objective is to establish a theoretical framework for manipulating photon propagation paths via quantum interference induced by multiple coupling points and local phase engineering. Unlike traditional chiral coupling schemes, an innovative method, in which the coupling phases are designed locally at each atom-waveguide interface, is used to achieve effective chiral coupling, thereby introducing novel quantum interference mechanisms. Using a real-space approach, we derive analytical expressions for four-port scattering amplitudes. We establish the conditions for achieving perfect directional routing to any output port and demonstrate the coherent control mechanisms implemented by geometric and local coupled phases. Continuous frequency tunability is primarily achieved through dipole-dipole interaction, and finely tuned through the accumulated phase and local coupling phases. Local phase differences precisely regulate port-specific probability distributions within the waveguides while preserving total routing efficiency. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanisms of nonreciprocal transport and chiral scattering. The analysis reveals different governing principles: perfect nonreciprocity arises from the interplay of the accumulated phase, local coupling phases, photon-atom detuning, and dipole-dipole interaction. In contrast, perfect chiral scattering depends entirely on the accumulated phase and local coupling phases, and is independent of detuning. Notably, under the phase-matching conditions, the system achieves both perfect chiral and directional routing, and realizes frequency-selective path-asymmetric photon control. These findings provide a comprehensive framework for manipulating quantum interference in multi-atom waveguide systems, highlighting applications in quantum information processing, including tunable single-photon routers, isolators, and chiral quantum nodes. By implementing superconducting circuits, the local phase can be dynamically adjusted, thus proving the feasibility of the experiment.

     

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