The world is currently grappling with the dual challenges of an energy crisis and environmental pollution, underscoring an urgent demand for clean and efficient energy conversion and pollution remediation technologies. As the core drivers of chemical reactions, catalysts play an indispensable role in lowering activation energy and enhancing reaction efficiency, and are thus widely applied in fuel cells, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and pollutant purification. However, conventional catalysts often face limitations in activity, stability, and resource sustainability. In particular, the high cost and scarcity of precious metals severely hinder their large-scale deployment. Consequently, the development of novel catalytic materials that simultaneously offer high efficiency, robust stability, and environmental compatibility has become a inevitable trend. Amorphous alloys, characterized by their long-range disordered yet short-range ordered atomic structures and tunable compositions, exhibit unique catalytic advantages. Their metastable nature and amorphous structure yield abundant low-coordinated and unsaturated atomic sites, which serve as highly active catalytic centers. Moreover, their multi-element alloy composition enables flexible modulation of electronic structures, thereby optimizing adsorption energies for reaction intermediates. Additional strategies, such as the construction of nanoporous architectures, can further increase specific surface area and enhance mass transport. Combined with their excellent corrosion resistance and environmental benignity, metallic glasses represent a compelling platform for catalytic applications. In recent years, they have demonstrated remarkable performance and broad application potential in various electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), pollutant degradation, hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This review systematically consolidates recent advances in the application of amorphous alloys in energy and environmental catalysis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying relationships among composition, structure, and catalytic performance. By doing so, it aims to offer valuable insights and strategic guidance for the design and implementation of next-generation metallic glass catalysts.