As a fundamental cornerstone of modern atomic physics, laser cooling has fostered the rapid development of cold-atom physics, which exhibits irreplaceable application values in cutting-edge fields such as quantum frequency standards, quantum information, and precision inertial sensing. The transition of cold-atom technologies from laboratory research to field deployment hinges critically on system integration and miniaturization. This paper presents a systematic review of recent advances in miniaturized cold-atom vacuum systems. We analyze in depth the vacuum contamination mechanisms, including helium permeation, material outgassing, leakage, and backstreaming. We summarize the material selection principles for micro/nano-scale vacuum chambers featuring low outgassing and low permeability, and highlight advanced design schemes and packaging processes—such as metal 3D printing, miniaturized pumping, chip-scale integration, anodic bonding, and laser welding—as well as the technical merits and implementation pathways of passive pumping for longterm vacuum maintenance. To address the lack of in-situ, high-precision, and highly compatible vacuum measurement methods for micro vacuum cells, we systematically categorize four technical routes based on cold atoms, trapped microparticles, optical thin films, and fiber microcavities. The operating principles, performance metrics, advantages, limitations, and miniaturization adaptability of each method are clarified. Finally, we identify the key challenges facing miniaturized cold-atom systems, including long-term vacuum maintenance, on-chip multi-system integration, robustness under extreme environments, and the establishment of vacuum metrology standards. Broad application prospects in deep-space exploration, resource exploration, quantum information, and fundamental physics verification are prospected. This review aims to provide theoretical references and technical support for the research, development, and application of next-generation integrated, portable, and highly reliable cold-atom quantum devices.