This paper proposes a cascaded dual-parameter silver-based no-core fiber (NCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor to realize the simultaneous and independent detection of liquid refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor uses two segments of NCF as the sensing substrate, and constructs two independent sensing channels in a series connection to form an integrated dual-parameter detection structure. Specifically, an Ag/ZnO composite film is deposited on the surface of one NCF as the RI detection channel, and an Ag/MoS₂/PDMS composite film is deposited on the surface of the other NCF as the temperature detection channel. Its working principle is based on the SPR effect excited by the Ag film on the NCF surface. In the Ag/ZnO composite film, the ZnO thin film can not only regulate the shape of the SPR resonance peak and significantly improve the detection response sensitivity of the sensor to RI changes, but also form a protective barrier to effectively inhibit the oxidation of the Ag film; in the Ag/MoS₂/PDMS composite film, MoS₂ and PDMS work synergistically to regulate the position of the SPR resonance peak, redshift the temperature-sensitive band to the near-infrared region, and provide good anti-oxidation protection for the Ag film to extend the sensor's service life. In addition, the sensor further ensures the independent operation of the two detection channels through the SPR staggered resonance design, avoiding channel crosstalk. In the RI range of 1.333-1.383, the average RI sensitivity of the sensor reaches 2888.255 nm/RIU; in the temperature range of 0-100 ℃, the average temperature sensitivity is -2.2781 nm/℃. In summary, the sensor has significant advantages such as long service life, no channel crosstalk, high sensitivity and stable performance, providing a new idea and technical basis for the multi-parameter and high-performance detection of SPR sensors.