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中国物理学会期刊

连续激光照射下的硅纳米针尖局域热响应与气泡成核研究

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20260682

Low-power bubble nucleation enhanced by the localized photothermal effect of silicon nanotips under continuous-wave laser irradiation

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20260682
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  • 可重复定位的微纳气泡成核是实现高效沸腾相变热管理的关键, 针对传统加热方式热扰动大、成核位点不易限定等问题, 本文利用硅纳米针尖的局域光热增强效应, 研究连续激光照射下的低功率气泡成核行为. 通过电磁场与热传导耦合模型, 分析激光聚焦位置和针尖顶端半径对局部温升的影响. 结果表明, 焦点相对针尖顶端偏离约2 μm时温升最高. 顶端半径由6 nm增至8—10 nm时, 局部温升增强并逐渐饱和. 基于硅一阶拉曼峰半高宽测温方法, 对硅基底和硅针尖进行原位拉曼热测量, 得到针尖单位功率温升系数约为硅基底的3.5倍. 在 25 mW连续激光照射下, 针尖顶部形成稳定气泡, 对应局部温度约485 K. 结合经典成核理论与时间尺度分析, 气泡主要由过热水中的异质蒸气成核触发, 纳米针尖曲率会改变有效成核势垒. 本文建立了针尖几何、局域热响应与成核阈值之间的联系, 可为低扰动微尺度相变调控提供参考.

     

    Site-defined and reproducible bubble nucleation is essential for microscale phase-change heat transfer, laser-induced thermofluidics, and localized thermal management. However, conventional heating methods usually produce broad thermal disturbances and poorly constrained nucleation sites. Here, we demonstrate low-power bubble nucleation in water by exploiting the localized photothermal response of a silicon nanotip under continuous-wave 532 nm laser irradiation. A two-dimensional electromagnetic-thermal coupled finite-element model is first established to resolve optical absorption and steady-state heat conduction around the immersed nanotip. The simulations show that the maximum temperature rise does not occur when the laser focus coincides with the nanotip apex, but appears at an axial offset of approximately D = 2 μm, where the focused beam overlaps more effectively with the absorbing volume of the conical tip. Increasing the apex radius from 6 nm to 8 nm enhances the temperature rise, whereas further increasing the radius to 10 nm leads to near saturation because optical absorption and heat dissipation reach a new balance. Raman thermometry based on the full width at half maximum of the first-order silicon Raman peak gives a temperature-rise coefficient of (7.72±0.36) K/mW for the nanotip, which is about 3.5 times that of a flat silicon substrate, (2.22±0.43) K/mW. Under continuous irradiation at 25 mW, a stable bubble forms at the nanotip apex, corresponding to a local temperature of approximately 485 K. Classical heterogeneous nucleation estimates and thermal-diffusion time-scale analysis indicate that bubble formation is dominated by vapor nucleation in locally superheated water, while the nanoscale apex curvature lowers the effective nucleation barrier beyond the prediction of a planar-interface model. These results clarify the coupling among nanotip geometry, localized photothermal heating, and low-power nucleation threshold, providing a feasible route for low-disturbance microscale phase-change control.

     

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