Lanthanide elements exhibit complex energy-level structures and rich spectroscopic characteristics due to the partial filling of the 4f shell. Therefore, obtaining accurate atomic structure data for these elements is of great importance. In this work, the energy-level structures of six representative configurations of neutral praseodymium (Pr I), including three odd-parity and three even-parity configurations, were investigated using the Cowan atomic structure code based on the Hartree-Fock method with relativistic corrections (HFR). Semi-empirical parameter fitting was performed by combining the calculated results with experimental energy levels. The corresponding atomic structure parameters, energy levels, Landé g factors, and leading wavefunction components were obtained. The optimized atomic structure parameters were further analyzed, showing that most parameters underwent moderate adjustments from their initial HFR values, while only a few parameters exhibited relatively large corrections. The calculated results were further used to analyze the energy-level assignments and to predict experimentally unreported energy levels with different J values belonging to the same term. The calculated energy levels are in good overall agreement with the experimental data, with an average relative deviation of less than 0.6% compared with the values listed in the NIST Atomic Spectra Database. For some energy levels with uncertain assignments in the NIST database, the present calculations provide theoretical support. These results improve the available spectroscopic data of neutral Pr and provide useful references for energy-level classification and related theoretical studies.