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本文利用了Nottingham关於透射系数的经验公式,将DuBrige的不考虑反射效应的光电子初能量分布理论加以推广。由於详细地考虑了表面位垒对发射出来的电子所起的折射作用,因此不仅讨论了光电子的初能量分布与法线能量分布,而且也讨论了角度分布。这些讨论都假定发射面是理想的金属表面,没有碎鳞效应;金属内部的电子满足费密-狄喇克(Fermi-Dirac)统计分布;并假定入射光为固定强度的非偏振的单色光。本文中所获得的光电子初能量分布公式相当简单,而且比已往的理论更符合实验结果。光电子的角度分布曲线呈蛋状,大的一端向外,这舆Ives的实验结果相符。如果表面的反射效应不存在,那么角度分布满足馀弦定律。其他如光电流的光谱分布、球形电容器(其中心的小电极为光电阶极)在阻滞场下的伏-安特性曲线的理论公式,以及法线能量分布和理想平行板电容器在阻滞场下的电压-雷流特性曲线的理论公式也都曾加以讨论。In the present paper, the Nottingham's Empirical Formula of the transmission coefficient is used to develop the DuBridge's theory of initial energy distribution of photoelectrons from metal. Owing to the detailed considerations of refraction effect for an electron passing through the potential barry of the surface, we discuss not only the energy distribution and the normal energy distribution of photoelectrons, but also the angular distribution. All discussions are based on the following assumptions:(1) The surface is ideal;(2) The energy distribution of electrons in the metal is according to the Fermi-Dirac distribution;(3) The intensity of incident monochromatic light is constant and the incident light is unpolarized.The obtained formula of initial energy distribution of photoelectrons is very simple, but it is more satisfactory than the other theories shown in this paper. The curve of angular distribution of photoelectrons is like an egg with its large end outward. If there is no refraction effect, the angular distribution satisfies Lambert's law. The spectral distribution, the theoretical formula of volt-ampere characteristic under the retarding field of a spherical condenser with a small photocathode as one electrode at centre, the normal energy distribution, and the theoretical volt-ampere characteristic of ideal parallel plate condenser are also discussed in this paper.
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