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测量了直径20—300微米的大量的Fe鬚、Fe-Cu鬚、Fe-Co鬚、Cu鬚和Cu-Co鬚的室温和高温拉断强度,结果指出,弥散型的二元金属鬚如Fe-Cu鬚和Cu-Co鬚的强度较高于单元金属鬚,而固溶型的二元金属鬚如Fe-Co鬚则否。根据应力应变曲线的测量和金相观测的结果,认为弥散型的Fe-Cu鬚的强度所以较高,可能是由于高强度的铁铜弥散混合层的出现,而它的范性所以较好,可能是由于这种鬚具有范性较好的铜心轴。讨论了弥散型和固溶型二元金属鬚在变粗当中所包含的基本过程,以及与它们所表现的强度和形变特点的联系。并且指出,生长弥散型混合鬚的原理和方法给制备强度较高和范性较好的复合材料提供了一个值得参考的途径。The tensile strength of numerous whiskers of Fe, Fe-Cu, Fe-Co, Cu and Cu-Co with diameters ranging from 20 to 300 microns were measured at room temperature and at an elevated temperature. The results show that the strength of the dispersion type of binary metal whiskers such as Fe-Cu and Cu-Co whiskers is higher than that of single-metal whiskers, while the strength of the solution type such as Fe-Co whiskers is not so. On the basis of measurements on stress-strain curves and metallographical observations, it is suggested that the high strength of dispersion type Fe-Cu whiskers may be due to the appearance of a high strength dispersively mixed layer of iron and copper, and the improvement of plasticity may be due to the appearance of an axle whisker of copper having a better plasticity.A discussion was made on the basic processes involved in the thickenning of binary metal whiskers of either type. It is suggested that the procedure adopted in growing dispersion type of binary metal whiskers may serve as a useful guide in preparing high strength composite materials with improved plasticity.
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