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利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)装置对金属纯钛进行轰击,采用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜技术详细分析了轰击样品表层的结构和缺陷. X射线衍射分析表明, HCPEB能够在材料表层诱发幅值为GPa量级的压应力,并在(100), (102)和(103)晶面出现择优取向.表层微观结构的观察表明: HCPEB轰击后材料表层发生了马氏体相变,形成了大量的片状马氏体组织; 此外, HCPEB轰击还在辐照表面诱发了强烈的塑性变形,一次轰击后,晶粒内部的塑性变形以(100)晶面的位错滑移为主,位错密度显著提高;多次轰击后,样品变形结构发生变化,变形孪晶的数量明显增多. 这些变形微结构不仅影响表层的织构演化行为,而且还能细化晶粒,进而提高材料表面硬度, 为HCPEB技术进行纯钛表面强化提供了一条有效的途径.The specimens of polycrystalline pure titanium are irradiated by high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB). Surface microstructures and defects induced by HCPEB irradiation are investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy technique. The XRD results show that the high value of stress (GPa order) is introduced into the irradiated surface layer, and the characteristics of preferential orientations (100), (102) and (103) are present after HCPEB treatment. The surface microstructure observations indicate that martensitic transformation occurs in the irradiated surface and a large number of plate martensite structures are formed in the irradiated surface. Moreover, strong plastic deformation is triggered by HCPEB treatment. After one pulse, (100) type slip bands are formed in the interior of grain, which leads to the increase of dislocation density. After multi- pulses, deformation microstructures change significantly, and the number of deformation twins increases evidently. The formation of these deformation structures produces a significant effect both on the evolution of surface textures and on grain refinement, which improves the mechanical performance of irradiated surface. It is suggested that HCPEB technique is an effective approach to surface hardening for pure titanium.
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Keywords:
- high current pulsed electron beam /
- pure titanium /
- microstructure /
- stress characteristic
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[1] Zhang X Y, Zhao Y Q, Bai C G 2005 Application of Titanium Alloys(Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) 287 (in Chinese) [张喜燕, 赵永庆, 白晨光 2005 钛合金及应用 (北京: 化学工业出版社) 第287-289页]
[2] Das D K, Trivedi S P 2004 Sci. Eng. A 367 225
[3] Liu D X, Chen H, He J W 2001 Heat Treat. Mater. 22 50 (inChinese)
[4] Proskurovsky D I, Rotshtein V P, Ozur G E 1998 Vac. Sci. Technol.16 2480
[5] Proskurovsky D I, Rotshtein V P, Ozur G E 2000 Surf. Coat. Technol.125 49
[6] Guan Q F, An C X, Qin Y, Zou J X, Hao S Z, Zhang Q Y, Dong C,Zou G T 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3927 (in Chinese) [关庆丰, 安春香, 秦颖, 邹建新, 郝胜志, 张庆瑜, 董闯, 邹广田 2005物理学报 54 3927]
[7] Cheng D Q, Guan Q F, Zhu J, Qiu D H, Cheng X W, Wang X T2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7300 (in Chinese) [程笃庆, 关庆丰, 朱健, 邱东华, 程秀围, 王雪涛2009 物理学报 58 7300]
[8] Qiu D H, Cheng D Q, Guan Q F, Zou G T 2009 Chin. J. HighPressure Phys. 23 321 (in Chinese) [邱冬华, 程笃庆, 关庆丰, 邹广田 2009 高压物理学报 23 321]
[9] Li Y, Gu Q Q , Qiu D H , Peng D J, Guan Q F 2010 Chin. J. HighPressure Phys. 24 461 (in Chinese) [李艳,顾倩倩, 邱冬华, 彭冬晋, 关庆丰 2010 高压物理学报 24 461]
[10] Elmer J W, Palmer T A, Babu S S 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 8327
[11] Zhao J S 1992 Phys. Tes. 3 55 (in Chinese) [赵敬世 1992 物理测试 3 55]
[12] Yu Z T, Zhou L, Deng J, Gu H C 2000 Rare Metal Mater. Eng. 2986 (in Chinese)[于振涛, 周廉, 邓炬, 顾海澄 2000 稀有金属材料与工程 29 86]
[13] Zhang X D, Hao S Z, Li X N, Dong C, Grosdidier T 2011 Appl.Surf. Sci. 257 5899
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