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In this paper, we propose a blind watermarking algorithm based on block discrete wavelet transform. The watermark is scrambled by Arnold and two pseudo random sequences are generated first, and then according to the wavelet tree structure, the significant wavelet coefficients in a block are found and quantized by pseudo random sequence. During the extraction, the quantized coefficients can be found without the original image, then the correlation between them and the pseudo random sequences are calculated to estimate the watermark bits. Moreover, in this method all high-frequency subimages are used to provide better robustness. The performance of the proposed watermarking is robust to several attacks, especially quite effective against image cropping attack.
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Keywords:
- image hiding /
- blind extraction /
- discrete wavelet transform
[1] Zou L J, Wang B, Feng J C 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2750 (in Chinese) [邹露娟, 汪波, 冯久超 2008 物理学报 57 2750]
[2] Zhong H, Jiao L C 2005 Chin. J. Comput. 28 1549 (in Chinese) [钟桦, 焦李成 2005 计算机学报 28 1549]
[3] Fu M J, Zhuang J J, Hou F Z, Ning X B, Zhan Q B, Shao Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4343 (in Chinese) [符懋敬, 庄建军, 侯凤贞, 宁新宝, 展庆波, 邵毅 2010 物理学报 59 4343]
[4] Bi N, Sun Q Y, Huang D, Yang Z H, Huang J W 2007 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16 1956
[5] Wei H L, Shi J H, Tzong W K, Ping Z F 2008 IEEE Trans. Multimed. 10 746
[6] Siew C N, Raveendran P 2009 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 56 2024
[7] Bao P, Xiao H M 2005 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 15 96
[8] Wang S H, Lin Y P 2004 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13 154
[9] You X G, Du L, Cheung Y M, Chen Q H 2010 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19 3271
[10] Lin W H, Horng S J 2008 IEEE Trans. Multimed. 10 746
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[1] Zou L J, Wang B, Feng J C 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2750 (in Chinese) [邹露娟, 汪波, 冯久超 2008 物理学报 57 2750]
[2] Zhong H, Jiao L C 2005 Chin. J. Comput. 28 1549 (in Chinese) [钟桦, 焦李成 2005 计算机学报 28 1549]
[3] Fu M J, Zhuang J J, Hou F Z, Ning X B, Zhan Q B, Shao Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4343 (in Chinese) [符懋敬, 庄建军, 侯凤贞, 宁新宝, 展庆波, 邵毅 2010 物理学报 59 4343]
[4] Bi N, Sun Q Y, Huang D, Yang Z H, Huang J W 2007 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16 1956
[5] Wei H L, Shi J H, Tzong W K, Ping Z F 2008 IEEE Trans. Multimed. 10 746
[6] Siew C N, Raveendran P 2009 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 56 2024
[7] Bao P, Xiao H M 2005 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 15 96
[8] Wang S H, Lin Y P 2004 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13 154
[9] You X G, Du L, Cheung Y M, Chen Q H 2010 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19 3271
[10] Lin W H, Horng S J 2008 IEEE Trans. Multimed. 10 746
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