铯原子里德堡态Stark能量及电偶极矩的测量和理论计算

李昌勇; 张临杰; 赵建明; 贾锁堂

doi:10.7498/aps.61.163202

摘要

里德堡原子由于具有体积大、寿命长、易极化及在外电场中能级易于操控等特点, 已经成为了目前物理学领域研究的热点之一. 本文在磁光阱中实验测量了铯原子15P3/2和16P3/2态的Stark光谱,根据光谱给出了15P3/2和16P3/2|m|=1/2 Stark态在01400 V/cm场强范围适用的Stark 能量和偶极矩的经验性解析表达式; 用数值方法求解薛定谔方程获得了这些态的Stark能量、偶极矩和电子几率密度分布. 电子几率密度分布定性说明了计算的偶极矩矢量的方向是正确的. 计算的Stark能量、偶极矩与实验结果相一致.

关键词:

Abstract

Rydberg atoms has been one of the hot current research subjects in the field of physics becasue of its large volume, long life, easy polarization and energy levels easily controlled by external electric field. In this paper, the Stark energies and electric dipole moments of 15P3/2 and 16P3/2 of atomic cesium are measured experimentally. The empirical analytic equations of dipole moments and Stark energies for these two states are presented. We also numerically solve the Schrdinger equation and obtain Stark energies, dipole moments, and electron probability density distributions. The probability density distribution accords with the calculated dipole moments. The Stark energies and dipole moments are consistent with our experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, the measurement and calculation methods for dipole moments presented in this paper are reported for the first time.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室, 山西大学激光光谱实验室, 太原 030006

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2012CB921603); 国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号: 2009AA01Z319); 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 10934004, 60778008, 61078001); 国家基础科学人才培养基金(批准号: J1103210); 山西省国际科技合作项目(批准号: 2010081046)和山西省回国留学人员科研基金资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB921603), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA01Z319), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10934004, 60778008, 61078001), the Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. J1103210) the Shanxi International Collaboration Program, China (Grant No. 2010081046), and the Shanxi Provincial Foundation for Returned Scholars, China.

参考文献

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[2]	Park H, Shuman E S, Gallagher T F 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 052708
[3]	Cabral J S, Kondo J M, Goncalves L F, Nascimento V A, Marcassa L G, Booth D, Tallant J, Schwettmann A, Overstreet K R, Sedlacek J, Shaffer J P 2011 J. Phys. B 44 184007
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[6]	Lu X X, Sun Y, Metcalf H 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 033402
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[9]	Pilskog I, Fregenal D, Frette O, Fore M, Horsdal E, Waheed A 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043405
[10]	Zhai Z, Zhu Q R, Chen J, Yan Z C, Fu P M, Wang B B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043409
[11]	Wang D H 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 013403
[12]	Kutteruf M R, Jones R R 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 063409
[13]	Han J N 2010 J. Phys. B 43 235205
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[16]	Remacle F, Schlag E W, Selzle H, Kompa K L, Even U, Levine R D 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98 2973
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[20]	O'Sullivan M S, Stoicheff B P 1985 Phys. Rev. A 31 2718
[21]	O'Sullivan M S, Stoicheff B P 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 1640
[22]	He X H, Li B W, Zhang C X 1989 Acta Phys. Sin. 38 1717 (in Chinese) [何兴虹,李白文,张承修 1989 物理学报 38 1717]
[23]	Lei T, Gu S, Weng Z, Zeng X 1995 Z. Phys. D 34 139
[24]	Safronova M S, Clark C W 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 040501
[25]	Kortyna A, Tinsmman C, Grab J, Safronova U I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 042511
[26]	Zhu X B, Zhang H, Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2401 (in Chinese) [朱兴波,张好,冯志刚,张临杰,李昌勇,赵建明,贾锁堂2010 物理学报 59 2401]
[27]	Zhao J M, Zhang H, Feng Z G, Zhu X B, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Jia S T 2011 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 034303
[28]	Feng Z G, Zhang H, Che J L, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 042711
[29]	Feng Z G, Zhang H, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073202 (in Chinese) [冯志刚,张好,张临杰,李昌勇,赵建明,贾锁堂 2011物理学报 60 073202]
[30]	Zhao J M, Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 043202
[31]	Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Zhang H, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Europhys. Lett. 92 13002
[32]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Opt. Express 18 11599
[33]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li A L, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1838
[34]	Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Li A L, Jia S T 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 2661
[35]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li A L, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 1362
[36]	Zhao J M, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Jia S T 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2895 (in Chinese) [赵建明,张临杰,李昌勇,贾锁堂 2008物理学报 57 2895]
[37]	Hooker A, Greene C H, Clark W 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 4609
[38]	Zimmerman M L, Littman M G, Kash M M, Kleppner D 1979 Phys. Rev. 20 2251
[39]	Marinescu M, Sadeghpour H R, Dalgarno A 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 982
[40]	Stebbings R F, Dunning F B 1983 Rydberg States of Atoms and Molecules (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp79-80
[41]	Gallagher T F 1994 Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p73
[42]	Kampschulte T, Schulze J, Luggenholscher D, Bowden M D, Czarnetzki U 2007 New J. Phys. 9 18
[43]	Song H W, Li Y 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 062504

施引文献

[1]	Lee C W 2011 J. Phys. B 44 195005
[2]	Park H, Shuman E S, Gallagher T F 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 052708
[3]	Cabral J S, Kondo J M, Goncalves L F, Nascimento V A, Marcassa L G, Booth D, Tallant J, Schwettmann A, Overstreet K R, Sedlacek J, Shaffer J P 2011 J. Phys. B 44 184007
[4]	Ovsiannikov V D, Glukhov I L, Nekipelov E A 2011 J. Phys. B 44 195010
[5]	Zhang H, Che J L, Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2011 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 104301
[6]	Lu X X, Sun Y, Metcalf H 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 033402
[7]	Henry M A, Robicheaux F 2011 J. Phys. B 44 145003
[8]	Ovsiannikov V D, Glukhov I L, Nekipelov E A 2011 Opt. Spec. 111 25
[9]	Pilskog I, Fregenal D, Frette O, Fore M, Horsdal E, Waheed A 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043405
[10]	Zhai Z, Zhu Q R, Chen J, Yan Z C, Fu P M, Wang B B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 043409
[11]	Wang D H 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 013403
[12]	Kutteruf M R, Jones R R 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 063409
[13]	Han J N 2010 J. Phys. B 43 235205
[14]	Zhang X F, Fan S L, Jia F D, Xue P, Xu X Y, Zhong Z P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6036 (in Chinese) [张新峰, 范士林, 贾凤东, 薛平, 许祥源, 钟志萍 2010 物理学报 59 6036]
[15]	Meyer D A, Kwiat P G, Hughes R J, Bucksbaum P H, Ahn J, Weinacht T C 2000 Science 289 1431a
[16]	Remacle F, Schlag E W, Selzle H, Kompa K L, Even U, Levine R D 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98 2973
[17]	Li C Y, Hao T, Zhang H, Zhu X B, Tao G Q, Zhang L J, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2012 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81 044302
[18]	Baugh J F, Ciocca M, Edmonds D A, Nellesen P T, Burkhardt C E, Leventhal J J 1996 Phys. Rev. A 54 R4641
[19]	Khadjavi A, Lurio A, Happer W 1968 Phys. Rev. 167 128
[20]	O'Sullivan M S, Stoicheff B P 1985 Phys. Rev. A 31 2718
[21]	O'Sullivan M S, Stoicheff B P 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 1640
[22]	He X H, Li B W, Zhang C X 1989 Acta Phys. Sin. 38 1717 (in Chinese) [何兴虹,李白文,张承修 1989 物理学报 38 1717]
[23]	Lei T, Gu S, Weng Z, Zeng X 1995 Z. Phys. D 34 139
[24]	Safronova M S, Clark C W 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 040501
[25]	Kortyna A, Tinsmman C, Grab J, Safronova U I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 042511
[26]	Zhu X B, Zhang H, Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2401 (in Chinese) [朱兴波,张好,冯志刚,张临杰,李昌勇,赵建明,贾锁堂2010 物理学报 59 2401]
[27]	Zhao J M, Zhang H, Feng Z G, Zhu X B, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Jia S T 2011 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 034303
[28]	Feng Z G, Zhang H, Che J L, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 042711
[29]	Feng Z G, Zhang H, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Zhao J M, Jia S T 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073202 (in Chinese) [冯志刚,张好,张临杰,李昌勇,赵建明,贾锁堂 2011物理学报 60 073202]
[30]	Zhao J M, Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 043202
[31]	Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Zhang H, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Europhys. Lett. 92 13002
[32]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2010 Opt. Express 18 11599
[33]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li A L, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1838
[34]	Feng Z G, Zhang L J, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Li A L, Jia S T 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 2661
[35]	Zhang L J, Feng Z G, Li A L, Zhao J M, Li C Y, Jia S T 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 1362
[36]	Zhao J M, Zhang L J, Li C Y, Jia S T 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2895 (in Chinese) [赵建明,张临杰,李昌勇,贾锁堂 2008物理学报 57 2895]
[37]	Hooker A, Greene C H, Clark W 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 4609
[38]	Zimmerman M L, Littman M G, Kash M M, Kleppner D 1979 Phys. Rev. 20 2251
[39]	Marinescu M, Sadeghpour H R, Dalgarno A 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 982
[40]	Stebbings R F, Dunning F B 1983 Rydberg States of Atoms and Molecules (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp79-80
[41]	Gallagher T F 1994 Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p73
[42]	Kampschulte T, Schulze J, Luggenholscher D, Bowden M D, Czarnetzki U 2007 New J. Phys. 9 18
[43]	Song H W, Li Y 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 062504

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