According to single-walled carbon nanotube good conductivity, baryon transmission performance, and high photoelectric conversion performance of quantum dot composite material, in this letter, we use in situ condensation method to prepare polymer/poly (2-methoxy, 5-oc-toxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene (MOPPV)-single walled carbon nanotubes/PbSe quantum dot composites and use X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy to study their characteristics. The results indicate that MOPPV, SWNT and PbSe quantum dots can be effectively combined, especially the SWNT and MOPPV form a network structure in MOPPV matrix, and PbSe quantum dots, each with an average size of 5.75 nm, can be dispersed to form a coating or mosaic structure in the polymer substrate of MOPPV-SWNT, producing the light induced charge transfer phenomenon. The study of composite photoelectric performance shows that when the polymer MOPPV, SWNT, PbSe have their mass ratio of 1: 0.3: 1, the composite photoelectric performance is best: open circuit voltage is 0.556 V, short circuit current is 2.133 mA, fill factor is 34.48%, conversion efficiency is 0.452%. Compared with the polymer MOPPV-PbSe quantum dots composite materials, the optoelectronic properties are increased by 2-3 times.