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A beamstop is commonly used in coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) experiments to collect more high-angle diffraction signals. But it causes the low-frequency signals missed, which can make CDI reconstruction unstable or even fail. In this work, a systematic simulation investigation of the effects of the missing low-frequency signals on the quality of reconstructed images of ptychographic CDI (PCDI) is performed using the ptychographic iterative engine algorithm. We found that the robustness of PCDI to the beamstop is much higher than that of the plane-wave CDI, and a smaller incident probe or a larger probe overlap ratio ( 70%) can further decrease the negative influence of missing low-freqency signals on the reconstruction image. The probe scanning position error will be the main degrading factor of PCDI instead of the beamstop in the higher overlap cases, and needs to be corrected in experiments by using high precision motors or adopting the position refinement algorithms. Our results provide quantitative guidelines for the usage of beamstops in ptychographic CDI experiments.
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Keywords:
- ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging /
- phase retrieval algorithm /
- low-frequency signal missing
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[44] Miao J W, Sayre D, Chapman H N 1998 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15 1662
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[1] Chapman H N, Nugent K A 2010 Nature Photon. 4 833
[2] Miao J W, Charalambous P, Kirz J, Sayre D 1999 Nature 400 342
[3] Miao J W Ishikawa T, Johnson B, Anderson E H, Lai B, Hodgson K O 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 088303
[4] Shapiro D, Thibault P, Beetz T, Elser V, Howells M, Jacobsen C, Kirz J, Lima E, Miao H J, Neiman A M, Sayre D 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 15343
[5] Schroer C G, Boye P, Feldkamp J M, Patommel J, Schropp A, Schwab A, Stephan S, Burghammer M, Schöder S, Riekel C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 090801
[6] Abbey B, Whitehead L W, Quiney H M, Vine D J, Cadenazzi G A, Henderson C A, Nugent K A, Balaur E, Putkunz C T, Peele A G, Williams G J, McNulty I 2011 Nature Photon. 5 420
[7] Raines K S, Salha S, Sandberg R L, Jiang H D, Rodriguez J A, Fahimian B P, Kapteyn H C, Du J C, Miao J W 2010 Nature 463 214
[8] Putkunz C T, Clark J N, Vine D J, Williams G J, Pfeifer M A, Balaur E, McNulty I, Nugent K A, Peele A G 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 013903
[9] Dierolf M, Menzel A, Thibault P, Schneider P, Kewish C M, Wepf R, Bunk O, Pfeiffer F 2010 Nature 467 436
[10] Beckers M, Senkbeil T, Gorniak T, Reese M, Giewekemeyer K, Gleber S C, Salditt T, Rosenhahn A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 208101
[11] Tripathi A, Mohanty J, Dietze S H, Shpyrko O G, Shipton E, Fullerton E E, Kim S S, McNulty I 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 13393
[12] Nelson J, Huang X J, Steinbrener J, Shapiro D, Kirz J, Marchesini S, Neiman A M, Turner J J, Jacobsen C 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 7235
[13] Jiang H D, Song C Y, Chen C C, Xu R, Raines K S, Rahimian B P, Lu C H, Lee T K, Nakashima A, Urano J, Ishikawa T, Tamanoi F, Miao J W 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 11234
[14] Giewekemeyer K, Thibault P, Kalbfleisch S, Beerlink A, Kewish C M, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Salditt T 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 529
[15] Abbey B, Nugent K A, Williams G J, Clark J N, Peele A G, Pfeifer M A, Jonge M D, McNulty I 2008 Nature Phys. 4 394
[16] Williams G J, Quiney H M, Dhal B B, Tran C Q, Nugent K A, Peele A G, Paterson D, Jonge M D 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 025506
[17] Huang X J, Nelson J, Kirz J, Lima E, Marchesini S, Miao H J, Neiman A M, Shapiro D, Steinbrener J, Stewart A, Turner J J, Jacobsen C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 198101
[18] Whitehead L W, Williams G J, Quiney H M, Vine D J, Dilanian R A, Flewett S, Nugent K A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 243902
[19] Johnson I, Jefimovs K, Bunk O, David C, Dierolf M, Gray J, Renker D, Pfeiffer F 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 155503
[20] Song C Y, Jiang H D, Mancuso A, Amirbekian B, Peng L, Sun R, Shah S S, Zhou Z H, Ishikawa T, Miao J W 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 158101
[21] Jiang H D, Johnson D R, Song C Y, Amirbekian B, Kohmura Y, Nishino Y, Takahashi Y, Ishikawa T, Miao J W 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 038103
[22] Song C Y, Bergstrom R, Johnson D R, Jiang H D, Paterson D, de Jonge M D, McNulty I, Lee J Y, Wang K, Miao J W 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 025504
[23] Fan J D, Jiang H D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 218702 (in Chinese) [范家东, 江怀东 2012 物理学报 61 218702]
[24] Huang W J, Zuo J M, Jiang B, Kwon K W, Shim M 2009 Nature Phys. 5 129
[25] Scott M C Chen C C, Mecklenburg M, Zhu C, Xu R, Ercius P, Dahmen U, Regan B C, Miao J W 2012 Nature 483 444
[26] Zuo J M, Vartanyants I, Gao M, Zhang R, Nagahara L A 2003 Science 300 1419
[27] Seibert M M, Ekeberg T, Maia F, Svenda M, Andreasson J, Jönsson O, Odić D, Iwan B, Rocker A, Westphal D, Hantke M, DePonte D P, Barty A, Schulz J, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Aquila A, Liang M N, White T A, Martin A, Caleman C, Stern S, Abergel C, Seltzer V, Claverie J, Bostedt C, Bozek J D, Boutet S, Miahnahri A A, Messerschmidt M, Krzywinski J, Williams G, Hodgson K O, Bogan M J, Hampton C Y, Sierra R G, Starodub D, Andersson I, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Spence J C H, Fromme P, Weierstall U, Kirian R, Hunter M, Doak R B, Marchesini S, Hau-Riege S P, Frank M, Shoeman R L, Lomb L, Epp S W, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Schmidt C, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Holl P, Rudek B, Erk B, Hömke A, Reich C, Pietschner D, Weidenspointner G, Strder L, Hauser G, Gorke H, Ullrich J, Schlichting I, Herrmann S, Schaller G, Schopper F, Soltau H, Khnel K U, Andritschke R, Schröter C D, Krasniqi F, Bott M, Schorb S, Rupp D, Adolph M, Gorkhover T, Hirsemann H, Potdevin G, Graafsma H, Nilsson B, Chapman H N, Hajdu J 2011 Nature 470 78
[28] Chapman H N, Barty A, Bogan M J, Boutet S, Frank M, Hau-riege S P, Marchesini S, Woods B W, Bajt S, Benner W H, London R A, Plönjes E, Kuhlmann M, Treusch R, Dsterer S, Tschentscher T, Schneider J R, Spiller E, Möller T, Bostedt C, Hoener M, Shapiro D A, Hodgson K O, der Spoel D V, Burmeister F, Bergh M, Caleman C, Huldt G, Seibert M M, Maia F R N C, lee R W, Szöke A, Timneanu N, Hajdu J 2006 Nature Phys. 2 839
[29] Sandberg R L, Song C Y, Wachulak P W, Raymondson D A, Paul A, Amirbekian B, Lee E, Sakdinawat A E, La-O-Vorakiat C, Marconi M C, Menoni C S, Murnane M M, Rocca J J, Kapteyn H C, Miao J W 2008 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 24
[30] Sandberg R L Paul A, Raymondson D A Hädrich S, Gaudiosi D M, Holtsnider J, Tobey R I, Cohen O, Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C, Song C, Miao J W, Liu Y W, Salmassi F 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 098103
[31] Faulkner H M, Rodenburg J M 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 023903
[32] Rodenburg J M, Faulkner H M 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4795
[33] Rodenburg J M, Hurst A C, Cullis A G 2007 Ultramicroscopy 107 227
[34] Rodenburg J M, Hurst A C, Cullis A G, Dobson B R, Pfeiffer F, Bunk O, David C, Jefimovs K, Johnson I 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 034801
[35] Thibault P, Dierolf M, Menzel A, Bunk O, David C, Pfeiffer F 2008 Science 321 379
[36] Maiden A M, Rodenburg J M 2009 Ultramicroscopy 109 1256
[37] Guizar-Sicairos M, Fienup J R 2008 Opt. Express 16 7264
[38] Wilke R N, Priebe M, Bartels M, Giewekemeyer K, Diaz A, Karvinen P, Salditt T 2012 Opt. Express 20 19232
[39] Takahashi Y, Suzuki A, Zettsu N, Kohmura Y, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Yamauchi K Ishikawa T 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 214109
[40] Miao J W, Nishino Y, Kohmura Y, Johnson B, Song C Y, Risbud S H, Ishikawa T 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503
[41] He H, Marchesini S, Howells M, Weierstall U, Hembree G, Spence J C H 2003 Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr. 59 143
[42] Zhou G Z, Tong Y J, Chen C, Ren Y Q, Wang Y D, Xiao T Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 028701 (in Chinese) [周光照, 佟亚军, 陈灿, 任玉琦, 王玉丹, 肖体乔 2011 物理学报 60 028701]
[43] Zhou G Z, Wang Y D, Ren Y Q, Chen C, Ye L L, Xiao T Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 018701 (in Chinese) [周光照, 王玉丹, 任玉琦, 陈灿, 叶琳琳, 肖体乔 2012 物理学报 61 018701]
[44] Miao J W, Sayre D, Chapman H N 1998 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15 1662
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