单线态分裂的超快光谱学研究

张博; 张春峰; 李希友; 王睿; 肖敏

doi:10.7498/aps.64.094210

摘要

有机分子中的单线态分裂过程能将单个光激发的单线态激子转化成两个三线态激子. 借助此载流子倍增效应, 太阳能电池可以更有效地利用太阳光谱中的高能光子, 进而突破单结太阳能电池效率的理论极限. 因此, 单线态分裂备受关注. 本文回顾学术界对单线态分裂物理图像的认识以及争议, 结合课题组近年来的一些结果, 重点总结此领域中运用瞬态光谱学方法取得的实验进展, 讨论有关多激子中间暗态机理的不同观点, 并介绍单线态分裂材料的发展以及器件应用.

关键词:

Abstract

Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process that creates two triplet excitons from one photo-excited singlet exciton in organic semiconductors. This process of carrier multiplication holds the great potential to break the theoretical efficiency limit in single-junction solar cells by making better use of high-energy photons, while capturing lower-energy photons in the usual style. Photovoltaic devices based on singlet fission have achieved external quantum efficiencies in excess of 100%. In this paper, we first introduce the basic concept about singlet fission and review the history of the field briefly. Then, we report some reflent advances in the reflearch of singlet fission progress with the combination of our group’s productions. Tetracene and pentacene are chosen as typical polyacene materials for discuss. We describe how scientists make progresses in understanding the underlying physics in singlet fission process. The experimental methods of transient absorption spectra, time-resolved fluorescence spectra and time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra render numerous results for analysis. Moreover, a survey about the debate on the direct or indirect mechanism with transient optical study is provided. It has been verified that multiexciton state intermediates in singlet fission process and the factors of energy level alignments, intermolecular interaction as well as lattice vibrations play a role in it. Last, we briefly summarize the implications of singlet fission in organic solar devices by introducing several composite architectures for singlet-fission photovoltaics. Designing efficient and cheap solar cells is the ultimate goal for understanding the intrinsic photophysics of singlet fission. To obtain high efficiencies, it is important to adapt proper materials and new organic/inorganic architectures may become a promising direction. Also, finding a way for efficient triplet exciton dissociation should be considered seriously. It is believable that these guidelines can lead to the development of cheap and efficient fission-based devices.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京大学固体微结构物理国家重点实验室, 物理学院, 南京 210093;

2.
中国石油大学(华东), 理学院, 青岛 266580;

3.
阿肯色大学物理系, 费耶特维尔市, 美国 72701

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2013CB932903, 2012CB921801)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 91233103, 61108001, 11227406, 11321063)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;

2.
Department of Science, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266580, China;

3.
Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB932903, 2012CB921801), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91233103, 61108001, 11227406, 11321063).

参考文献

[1]	Shockley W, Queisser H J 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[2]	Wrfel P 1997 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 46 43
[3]	O’Dwyer M F, Humphrey T, Lewis R A, Zhang C 2008 Microelectron. J. 39 656
[4]	Conibeer G, Jiang C W, König D, Shrestha S, Walsh T, Green M 2008 Thin Solid Films 516 6968
[5]	Ellingson R J, Beard M C, Johnson J C, Yu P R, Micic O I, Nozik A J, Shabaev A, Efros A L 2005 Nano Lett. 5 865
[6]	Beard M C, Knutsen K P, Yu P R, Luther J M, Song Q, Metzger W K, Ellingson R J, Nozik A J 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2506
[7]	Nozik A J, Beard M C, Luther J M, Law M, Ellingson R J, Johnson J C 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6873
[8]	Hanna M, Nozik A 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 074510
[9]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Wang R, Tan Z A, Liu Y L, Guo W, Zhai X L, Cao Y, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3462
[10]	Schaller R D, Klimov V I 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 186601
[11]	Xiao J, Wang Y, Hua Z, Wang X Y, Zhang C F, Xiao M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1170
[12]	Smith M B, Michl J 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6891
[13]	Smith M B, Michl J 2013 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 64 361
[14]	Singh S, Jones W, Siebrand W, Stoicheff B, Schneider W 1965 J. Chem. Phys. 42 330
[15]	Swenberg C, Stacy W 1968 Chem. Phys. Lett. 2 327
[16]	Merrifield R, Avakian P, Groff R 1969 Chem. Phys. Lett. 3 155
[17]	Geacintov N, Pope M, Vogel F 1969 Phys. Rev. Lett. 22 593
[18]	Merrifield R 1971 Pure Appl. Chem. 27 481
[19]	Jundt C, Klein G, Sipp B, Le Moigne J, Joucla M, Villaeys A 1995 Chem. Phys. Lett. 241 84
[20]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Schoeller W W, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 14240
[21]	Ma L, Zhang K K, Kloc C, Sun H D, Michel-Beyerle M E, Gurzadyan G G 2012 PCCP 14 8307
[22]	Piland G B, Burdett J J, Kurunthu D, Bardeen C J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 1224
[23]	Walker B J, Musser A J, Beljonne D, Friend R H 2013 Nat. Chem. 5 1019
[24]	Kraabel B, Hulin D, Aslangul C, Lapersonne-Meyer C, Schott M 1998 Chem. Phys. 227 83
[25]	Lanzani G, Stagira S, Cerullo G, De Silvestri S, Comoretto D, Moggio I, Cuniberti C, Musso G, Dellepiane G 1999 Chem. Phys. Lett. 313 525
[26]	Lanzani G, Cerullo G, Zavelani-Rossi M, De Silvestri S, Comoretto D, Musso G, Dellepiane G 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 187402
[27]	Guo J M, Ohkita H, Benten H, Ito S 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 16869
[28]	Wang C, Tauber M J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 13988
[29]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Reusswig P D, Yost S R, Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Hontz E, Van Voorhis T, Baldo M A 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1300
[30]	Congrefle D N, Lee J, Thompson N J, Hontz E, Yost S R, Reusswig P D, Bahlke M E, Reineke S, Van Voorhis T, Baldo M A 2013 Science 340 334
[31]	Tabachnyk M, Ehrler B, Gélinas S, Böhm M L, Walker B J, Musselman K P, Greenham N C, Friend R H, Rao A 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 1033
[32]	Merrifield R 1968 J. Chem. Phys. 48 4318
[33]	Johnson R, Merrifield R 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 896
[34]	Greyson E C, Vura-Weis J, Michl J, Ratner M A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14168
[35]	Zimmerman P M, Zhang Z Y, Musgrave C B 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 648
[36]	Zimmerman P M, Bell F, Casanova D, Head-Gordon M 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 19944
[37]	Zimmerman P M, Musgrave C B, Head-Gordon M 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1339
[38]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Jailaubekov A, Kaake L, Miaja-Avila L, Zhu X Y 2011 Science 334 1541
[39]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Zhu X Y 2012 Nat. Chem. 4 840
[40]	Chan W L, Berkelbach T C, Provorse M R, Monahan N R, Tritsch J R, Hybertsen M S, Reichman D R, Gao J L, Zhu X Y 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1321
[41]	Yost S R, Lee J Y, Wilson M W, Wu T, McMahon D P, Parkhurst R R, Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Rao A, Johnson K 2014 Nat. Chem. 6 492
[42]	Beljonne D, Yamagata H, Brédas J, Spano F, Olivier Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 226402
[43]	Busby E, Xia J L, Wu Q, Low J Z, Song R, Miller J R, Zhu X Y, Campos L M, Sfeir M Y 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 426
[44]	Paci I, Johnson J C, Chen X D, Rana G, Popovic D, David D E, Nozik A J, Ratner M A, Michl J 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 16546
[45]	Burdett J J, Mller A M, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 144506
[46]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Baldo M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 033301
[47]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Hodgkiss J M, Albert-Seifried S, Basler H, Friend R H 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 12698
[48]	Schwerin A F, Johnson J C, Smith M B, Sreearunothai P, Popovic D, Černyý J ii, Havlas Z, Paci I, Akdag A, MacLeod M K 2009 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 1457
[49]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 16302
[50]	Akdag A, Havlas Z k, Michl J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 14624
[51]	Eaton S W, Shoer L E, Karlen S D, Dyar S M, Margulies E A, Veldkamp B S, Ramanan C, Hartzler D A, Savikhin S, Marks T J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 14701
[52]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2006 Chem. Phys. Lett. 421 518
[53]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1290
[54]	Thorsmølle V K, Averitt R D, Demsar J, Smith D, Tretiak S, Martin R, Chi X, Crone B, Ramirez A, Taylor A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 017401
[55]	Roberts S T, McAnally R E, Mastron J N, Webber D H, Whited M T, Brutchey R L, Thompson M E, Bradforth S E 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 6388
[56]	Geacintov N, Pope M 1969 J. Chem. Phys. 50 814
[57]	Vaubel G, Baessler H 1970 Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 12 47
[58]	Groff R, Avakian P, Merrifield R 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 815
[59]	Ghosh A K, Feng T 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 2781
[60]	Sokolik I, Frankevich E 1974 Sov. Phys. Usp 16 687
[61]	Najafov H, Lee B, Zhou Q, Feldman L, Podzorov V 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 938
[62]	Silva C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 884
[63]	Marciniak H, Fiebig M, Huth M, Schiefer S, Nickel B, Selmaier F, Lochbrunner S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 176402
[64]	Grumstrup E M, Johnson J C, Damrauer N H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 257403
[65]	Camposeo A, Polo M, Tavazzi S, Silvestri L, Spearman P, Cingolani R, Pisignano D 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 033306
[66]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Albert-Seifried S, Di Pietro R, Friend R H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195411
[67]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Clark J, Kumar R S S, Brida D, Cerullo G, Friend R H 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 11830
[68]	Burdett J J, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 135 214508
[69]	Tayebjee M J, Clady R G, Schmidt T W 2013 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 14797
[70]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Johnson K, Ge 靗 inas S, di Pietro R, Clark J, Friend R H 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 16680
[71]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Ehrler B, Friend R H 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1330
[72]	Birech Z, Schwoerer M, Schmeiler T, Pflaum J, Schwoerer H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 140 114501
[73]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Xu Y Q, Wang R, He B, Liu Y L, Zhang S M, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 244303
[74]	Wu Y S, Liu K, Liu H Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H L, Yao J N, Fu H B 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3451
[75]	Tomkiewicz Y, Groff R, Avakian P 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 54 4504
[76]	Swenberg C, Ratner M, Geacintov N 1974 J. Chem. Phys. 60 2152
[77]	Kepler R 1960 Phys. Rev. 119 1226
[78]	Helfrich W, Schneider W 1965 Phys. Rev. Lett. 14 229
[79]	Marciniak H, Pugliesi I, Nickel B, Lochbrunner S 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 235318
[80]	Johnson J C, Reilly III T H, Kanarr A C, van de Lagemaat J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 6871
[81]	Kuhlman T S, Kongsted J, Mikkelsen K V, Møller K B, Sølling T I 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 3431
[82]	Chabr M, Wild U, Fnfschilling J, Zschokke-Gränacher I 1981 Chem. Phys. 57 425
[83]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 8597
[84]	Suna A 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 1716
[85]	Voigt M, Langner A, Schouwink P, Lupton J, Mahrt R, Sokolowski M 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 127 114705
[86]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1312
[87]	Lim S H, Bjorklund T G, Spano F C, Bardeen C J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 107402
[88]	Greyson E C, Stepp B R, Chen X D, Schwerin A F, Paci I, Smith M B, Akdag A, Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14223
[89]	Venuti E, Della Valle R G, Farina L, Brillante A, Masino M, Girlando A 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 104106
[90]	Wappelt A, Bergmann A, Napiwotzki A, Eichler H, Jpner H, Kummrow A, Lau A, Woggon S 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 78 5192
[91]	Smith A, Weiss C 1972 Chem. Phys. Lett. 14 507
[92]	Jadhav P J, Brown P R, Thompson N, Wunsch B, Mohanty A, Yost S R, Hontz E, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi M G, Bulović V 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 6169
[93]	Ehrler B, Walker B J, Böhm M L, Wilson M W, Vaynzof Y, Friend R H, Greenham N C 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1019
[94]	Ehrler B, Wilson M W, Rao A, Friend R H, Greenham N C 2012 Nano Lett. 12 1053
[95]	Jadhav P J, Mohanty A, Sussman J, Lee J Y, Baldo M A 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1495
[96]	Yoo S, Domercq B, Kippelen B 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 5427
[97]	Yoo S, Potscavage Jr W J, Domercq B, Han S H, Li T D, Jones S C, Szoszkiewicz R, Levi D, Riedo E, Marder S R 2007 Solid-State Electron. 51 1367
[98]	Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Goldberg D, Menon V M, Baldo M A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 263302
[99]	Pandey A K, Dabos-Seignon S, Nunzi J M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 113506
[100]	Monestier F, Pandey A K, Simon J J, Torchio P, Escoubas L, Nunzi J M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 034512
[101]	Griffith O L, Anthony J E, Jones A G, Lichtenberger D L 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 580
[102]	Jasieniak J, Califano M, Watkins S E 2011 ACS nano 5 5888
[103]	Blumstengel S, Sadofev S, Xu C, Puls J, Henneberger F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 237401
[104]	Zhang Q, Atay T, Tischler J R, Bradley M S, Bulovi V, Nurmikko A 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 555
[105]	Agranovich V, Gartstein Y N, Litinskaya M 2011 Chem. Rev. 111 5179
[106]	Chu C W, Shao Y, Shrotriya V, Yang Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 243506
[107]	Shao Y, Sista S, Chu C W, Sievers D, Yang Y 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 103501
[108]	Reusswig P D, Congrefle D N, Thompson N J, Baldo M A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 113304
[109]	Shaheen S E, Radspinner R, Peyghambarian N, Jabbour G E 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 2996

施引文献

[1]	Shockley W, Queisser H J 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[2]	Wrfel P 1997 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 46 43
[3]	O’Dwyer M F, Humphrey T, Lewis R A, Zhang C 2008 Microelectron. J. 39 656
[4]	Conibeer G, Jiang C W, König D, Shrestha S, Walsh T, Green M 2008 Thin Solid Films 516 6968
[5]	Ellingson R J, Beard M C, Johnson J C, Yu P R, Micic O I, Nozik A J, Shabaev A, Efros A L 2005 Nano Lett. 5 865
[6]	Beard M C, Knutsen K P, Yu P R, Luther J M, Song Q, Metzger W K, Ellingson R J, Nozik A J 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2506
[7]	Nozik A J, Beard M C, Luther J M, Law M, Ellingson R J, Johnson J C 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6873
[8]	Hanna M, Nozik A 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 074510
[9]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Wang R, Tan Z A, Liu Y L, Guo W, Zhai X L, Cao Y, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3462
[10]	Schaller R D, Klimov V I 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 186601
[11]	Xiao J, Wang Y, Hua Z, Wang X Y, Zhang C F, Xiao M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1170
[12]	Smith M B, Michl J 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6891
[13]	Smith M B, Michl J 2013 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 64 361
[14]	Singh S, Jones W, Siebrand W, Stoicheff B, Schneider W 1965 J. Chem. Phys. 42 330
[15]	Swenberg C, Stacy W 1968 Chem. Phys. Lett. 2 327
[16]	Merrifield R, Avakian P, Groff R 1969 Chem. Phys. Lett. 3 155
[17]	Geacintov N, Pope M, Vogel F 1969 Phys. Rev. Lett. 22 593
[18]	Merrifield R 1971 Pure Appl. Chem. 27 481
[19]	Jundt C, Klein G, Sipp B, Le Moigne J, Joucla M, Villaeys A 1995 Chem. Phys. Lett. 241 84
[20]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Schoeller W W, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 14240
[21]	Ma L, Zhang K K, Kloc C, Sun H D, Michel-Beyerle M E, Gurzadyan G G 2012 PCCP 14 8307
[22]	Piland G B, Burdett J J, Kurunthu D, Bardeen C J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 1224
[23]	Walker B J, Musser A J, Beljonne D, Friend R H 2013 Nat. Chem. 5 1019
[24]	Kraabel B, Hulin D, Aslangul C, Lapersonne-Meyer C, Schott M 1998 Chem. Phys. 227 83
[25]	Lanzani G, Stagira S, Cerullo G, De Silvestri S, Comoretto D, Moggio I, Cuniberti C, Musso G, Dellepiane G 1999 Chem. Phys. Lett. 313 525
[26]	Lanzani G, Cerullo G, Zavelani-Rossi M, De Silvestri S, Comoretto D, Musso G, Dellepiane G 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 187402
[27]	Guo J M, Ohkita H, Benten H, Ito S 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 16869
[28]	Wang C, Tauber M J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 13988
[29]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Reusswig P D, Yost S R, Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Hontz E, Van Voorhis T, Baldo M A 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1300
[30]	Congrefle D N, Lee J, Thompson N J, Hontz E, Yost S R, Reusswig P D, Bahlke M E, Reineke S, Van Voorhis T, Baldo M A 2013 Science 340 334
[31]	Tabachnyk M, Ehrler B, Gélinas S, Böhm M L, Walker B J, Musselman K P, Greenham N C, Friend R H, Rao A 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 1033
[32]	Merrifield R 1968 J. Chem. Phys. 48 4318
[33]	Johnson R, Merrifield R 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 896
[34]	Greyson E C, Vura-Weis J, Michl J, Ratner M A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14168
[35]	Zimmerman P M, Zhang Z Y, Musgrave C B 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 648
[36]	Zimmerman P M, Bell F, Casanova D, Head-Gordon M 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 19944
[37]	Zimmerman P M, Musgrave C B, Head-Gordon M 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1339
[38]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Jailaubekov A, Kaake L, Miaja-Avila L, Zhu X Y 2011 Science 334 1541
[39]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Zhu X Y 2012 Nat. Chem. 4 840
[40]	Chan W L, Berkelbach T C, Provorse M R, Monahan N R, Tritsch J R, Hybertsen M S, Reichman D R, Gao J L, Zhu X Y 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1321
[41]	Yost S R, Lee J Y, Wilson M W, Wu T, McMahon D P, Parkhurst R R, Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Rao A, Johnson K 2014 Nat. Chem. 6 492
[42]	Beljonne D, Yamagata H, Brédas J, Spano F, Olivier Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 226402
[43]	Busby E, Xia J L, Wu Q, Low J Z, Song R, Miller J R, Zhu X Y, Campos L M, Sfeir M Y 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 426
[44]	Paci I, Johnson J C, Chen X D, Rana G, Popovic D, David D E, Nozik A J, Ratner M A, Michl J 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 16546
[45]	Burdett J J, Mller A M, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 144506
[46]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Baldo M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 033301
[47]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Hodgkiss J M, Albert-Seifried S, Basler H, Friend R H 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 12698
[48]	Schwerin A F, Johnson J C, Smith M B, Sreearunothai P, Popovic D, Černyý J ii, Havlas Z, Paci I, Akdag A, MacLeod M K 2009 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 1457
[49]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 16302
[50]	Akdag A, Havlas Z k, Michl J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 14624
[51]	Eaton S W, Shoer L E, Karlen S D, Dyar S M, Margulies E A, Veldkamp B S, Ramanan C, Hartzler D A, Savikhin S, Marks T J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 14701
[52]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2006 Chem. Phys. Lett. 421 518
[53]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1290
[54]	Thorsmølle V K, Averitt R D, Demsar J, Smith D, Tretiak S, Martin R, Chi X, Crone B, Ramirez A, Taylor A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 017401
[55]	Roberts S T, McAnally R E, Mastron J N, Webber D H, Whited M T, Brutchey R L, Thompson M E, Bradforth S E 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 6388
[56]	Geacintov N, Pope M 1969 J. Chem. Phys. 50 814
[57]	Vaubel G, Baessler H 1970 Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 12 47
[58]	Groff R, Avakian P, Merrifield R 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 815
[59]	Ghosh A K, Feng T 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 2781
[60]	Sokolik I, Frankevich E 1974 Sov. Phys. Usp 16 687
[61]	Najafov H, Lee B, Zhou Q, Feldman L, Podzorov V 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 938
[62]	Silva C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 884
[63]	Marciniak H, Fiebig M, Huth M, Schiefer S, Nickel B, Selmaier F, Lochbrunner S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 176402
[64]	Grumstrup E M, Johnson J C, Damrauer N H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 257403
[65]	Camposeo A, Polo M, Tavazzi S, Silvestri L, Spearman P, Cingolani R, Pisignano D 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 033306
[66]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Albert-Seifried S, Di Pietro R, Friend R H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195411
[67]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Clark J, Kumar R S S, Brida D, Cerullo G, Friend R H 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 11830
[68]	Burdett J J, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 135 214508
[69]	Tayebjee M J, Clady R G, Schmidt T W 2013 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 14797
[70]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Johnson K, Ge 靗 inas S, di Pietro R, Clark J, Friend R H 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 16680
[71]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Ehrler B, Friend R H 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1330
[72]	Birech Z, Schwoerer M, Schmeiler T, Pflaum J, Schwoerer H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 140 114501
[73]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Xu Y Q, Wang R, He B, Liu Y L, Zhang S M, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 244303
[74]	Wu Y S, Liu K, Liu H Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H L, Yao J N, Fu H B 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3451
[75]	Tomkiewicz Y, Groff R, Avakian P 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 54 4504
[76]	Swenberg C, Ratner M, Geacintov N 1974 J. Chem. Phys. 60 2152
[77]	Kepler R 1960 Phys. Rev. 119 1226
[78]	Helfrich W, Schneider W 1965 Phys. Rev. Lett. 14 229
[79]	Marciniak H, Pugliesi I, Nickel B, Lochbrunner S 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 235318
[80]	Johnson J C, Reilly III T H, Kanarr A C, van de Lagemaat J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 6871
[81]	Kuhlman T S, Kongsted J, Mikkelsen K V, Møller K B, Sølling T I 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 3431
[82]	Chabr M, Wild U, Fnfschilling J, Zschokke-Gränacher I 1981 Chem. Phys. 57 425
[83]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 8597
[84]	Suna A 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 1716
[85]	Voigt M, Langner A, Schouwink P, Lupton J, Mahrt R, Sokolowski M 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 127 114705
[86]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1312
[87]	Lim S H, Bjorklund T G, Spano F C, Bardeen C J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 107402
[88]	Greyson E C, Stepp B R, Chen X D, Schwerin A F, Paci I, Smith M B, Akdag A, Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14223
[89]	Venuti E, Della Valle R G, Farina L, Brillante A, Masino M, Girlando A 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 104106
[90]	Wappelt A, Bergmann A, Napiwotzki A, Eichler H, Jpner H, Kummrow A, Lau A, Woggon S 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 78 5192
[91]	Smith A, Weiss C 1972 Chem. Phys. Lett. 14 507
[92]	Jadhav P J, Brown P R, Thompson N, Wunsch B, Mohanty A, Yost S R, Hontz E, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi M G, Bulović V 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 6169
[93]	Ehrler B, Walker B J, Böhm M L, Wilson M W, Vaynzof Y, Friend R H, Greenham N C 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1019
[94]	Ehrler B, Wilson M W, Rao A, Friend R H, Greenham N C 2012 Nano Lett. 12 1053
[95]	Jadhav P J, Mohanty A, Sussman J, Lee J Y, Baldo M A 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1495
[96]	Yoo S, Domercq B, Kippelen B 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 5427
[97]	Yoo S, Potscavage Jr W J, Domercq B, Han S H, Li T D, Jones S C, Szoszkiewicz R, Levi D, Riedo E, Marder S R 2007 Solid-State Electron. 51 1367
[98]	Thompson N J, Congrefle D N, Goldberg D, Menon V M, Baldo M A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 263302
[99]	Pandey A K, Dabos-Seignon S, Nunzi J M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 113506
[100]	Monestier F, Pandey A K, Simon J J, Torchio P, Escoubas L, Nunzi J M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 034512
[101]	Griffith O L, Anthony J E, Jones A G, Lichtenberger D L 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 580
[102]	Jasieniak J, Califano M, Watkins S E 2011 ACS nano 5 5888
[103]	Blumstengel S, Sadofev S, Xu C, Puls J, Henneberger F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 237401
[104]	Zhang Q, Atay T, Tischler J R, Bradley M S, Bulovi V, Nurmikko A 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 555
[105]	Agranovich V, Gartstein Y N, Litinskaya M 2011 Chem. Rev. 111 5179
[106]	Chu C W, Shao Y, Shrotriya V, Yang Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 243506
[107]	Shao Y, Sista S, Chu C W, Sievers D, Yang Y 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 103501
[108]	Reusswig P D, Congrefle D N, Thompson N J, Baldo M A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 113304
[109]	Shaheen S E, Radspinner R, Peyghambarian N, Jabbour G E 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 2996

[1]	孟婧, 高博文. 新型高效率和高稳定性钙钛矿/有机集成太阳电池光伏性能研究. 物理学报, 2023, 72(1): 018802. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221120
[2]	保希, 关云霞, 李万娇, 宋家一, 陈丽佳, 徐爽, 彭柯敖, 牛连斌. 载流子阶梯效应调控有机发光二极管三线态激子的解离和散射. 物理学报, 2023, 72(21): 217101. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230851
[3]	周朋超, 张卫东, 顾嘉陆, 陈卉敏, 胡腾达, 蒲华燕, 兰伟霞, 魏斌. 基于三元非富勒烯体系的高效有机太阳能电池. 物理学报, 2020, 69(19): 198801. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200624
[4]	管胜婕, 周林箭, 沈成梅, 张勇. 蓝色荧光有机发光二极管中的激子-电荷相互作用. 物理学报, 2020, 69(16): 167101. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20191930
[5]	李雪, 王亮, 熊建桥, 邵秋萍, 蒋荣, 陈淑芬. 金纳米四面体增强有机太阳电池光吸收及光伏性能研究. 物理学报, 2018, 67(24): 247201. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181502
[6]	安涛, 涂传宝, 龚伟. 具有光电倍增的宽光谱三相体异质结有机彩色探测器. 物理学报, 2018, 67(19): 198503. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180502
[7]	吴红琳, 宋云飞, 王阳, 于国洋, 杨延强. 凝聚相材料分子解离动力学的飞秒瞬态光栅光谱研究. 物理学报, 2017, 66(3): 033301. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.033301
[8]	张科, 胡子阳, 黄利克, 徐洁, 张京, 诸跃进. 氧化锌掺铝绒面薄膜在有机光伏电池中的应用. 物理学报, 2015, 64(17): 178801. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.178801
[9]	许中华, 陈卫兵, 叶玮琼, 杨伟丰. 聚合物和小分子叠层结构有机太阳电池研究. 物理学报, 2014, 63(21): 218801. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.218801
[10]	杨少鹏, 李娜, 李光, 史江波, 李晓苇, 傅广生. 混合溶剂对P3HT:PCBM基太阳能电池的影响. 物理学报, 2013, 62(1): 014702. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.014702
[11]	高博文, 高潮, 阙文修, 韦玮. 新型高效聚合物/富勒烯有机光伏电池研究进展. 物理学报, 2012, 61(19): 194213. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.194213
[12]	李博, 邵剑峰. 瞬态光电流对有机薄膜光伏器件中肖特基接触的研究. 物理学报, 2012, 61(7): 077301. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.077301
[13]	李荣华, 孟卫民, 彭应全, 马朝柱, 汪润生, 谢宏伟, 王颖, 叶早晨. 阴极功函数和激子产生率对肖特基接触单层有机太阳能电池开路电压的影响研究. 物理学报, 2010, 59(3): 2126-2130. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.2126
[14]	郑加金, 陆云清, 李培丽. 激发态分子内质子转移有机分子HBT的三阶非线性光学特性. 物理学报, 2010, 59(7): 4687-4693. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.4687
[15]	乔士柱, 赵俊卿, 贾振锋, 张宁玉, 王凤翔, 付刚, 季燕菊. 自旋极化有机电致发光器件中单线态与三线态激子的形成及调控. 物理学报, 2010, 59(5): 3564-3570. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.3564
[16]	吴强, 郑瑞伦. 层间作用和线度对球状纳米系统电子能量的影响. 物理学报, 2008, 57(8): 5191-5197. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.5191
[17]	封伟, 高中扩. 有机光伏电池物理性能的模拟. 物理学报, 2008, 57(4): 2567-2573. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.2567
[18]	刘军, 侯延冰, 孙鑫, 师全民, 李妍, 靳辉, 鲁晶. 电场诱导聚合物分子取向对单线态和三线态激子形成截面的影响. 物理学报, 2007, 56(5): 2845-2851. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.2845
[19]	封伟, 曹猛, 韦玮, 吴洪才, 万梅香, 吉野胜美. 有机聚合物受体给体复合体薄膜光伏电池性能研究. 物理学报, 2001, 50(6): 1157-1162. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.1157
[20]	谭微思, 谭维翰, 赵东升, 刘仁红. 呈指数衰变驱动场的作用下二能级原子系统的瞬态共振荧光光谱. 物理学报, 1992, 41(3): 413-427. doi: 10.7498/aps.41.413

计量

文章访问数: 9032
PDF下载量: 569
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板