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A class of single tooth-shaped plasmonic filter based on graphene nanoribbon is proposed in this paper, and the structure is numerically analysed by using finite-difference time-domain method. The tooth-shaped structure of graphene nanoribbon can induce a sharp band-stop effect in the transmission spectrum, and the filtering characteristics can be analysed by the scattering matrix method. The effective refractive index of the plasmonic waveguide mode in the graphene nanoribbon is analysed numerically, and it is found that the effective refractive index is influenced by both the chemical potential and the width of the nanoribbon, and when the width is narrower than 30 nm, the higher order mode disappears and the ribbon becomes a single mode waveguide. According to the scattering matrix method, the central frequencies of the transmission dips can be changed by changing the length and the width of the tooth. Flexible electrical tunability of this kind of filter by tiny change of the chemical potential of the graphene through electrical gating is also validated. In addition, transmission spectrum of multi-teeth shaped plasmonic filter is also studied. This kind of structure can possess the broad band-stop filtering property. The influences of tooth number and tooth period on transmission spectrum are investigated. We find that the transmission value can be reduced down to almost zero by adjusting the number of the teeth, also the tooth period can influence the central frequency of the stop band because of the coupling effects between each other. Like the single-tooth filter based on graphene nanoribbon, the multi-tooth broad band-stop filter can also be flexibly tuned by the geometric parameters of the structure and the chemical potential of the graphene. This work provides an effective method of designing graphene based ultra-compact tunable devices, and has extensive potential for designing all-optical integrated architectures for optical networks, communication and computing devices.
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Keywords:
- filter /
- graphene /
- waveguide /
- plasmonics
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[1] Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183
[2] Novoselov K S, Fal V, Colombo L, Gellert P, Schwab M, Kim K 2012 Nature 490 192
[3] Lao J, Tao J, Wang Q J, Huang X G 2014 Laser Photon. Rev. 8 569
[4] Zhou L, Wei Y, Huang Z X, Wu X L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 018101 (in Chinese) [周丽, 魏源, 黄志祥, 吴先良 2015 物理学报 64 018101]
[5] Yin W H, Han Q, Yang X H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 248502 (in Chinese) [尹伟红, 韩勤, 杨晓红 2012 物理学报 61 248502]
[6] Yan B, Yang X X, Fang J Y, Huang Y D, Qin H, Qin S Q 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 015203
[7] Xie L Y, Xiao W B, Huang G Q, Hu A R, Liu J T 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 057803 (in Chinese) [谢凌云, 肖文波, 黄国庆, 胡爱荣, 刘江涛 2014 物理学报 63 057803]
[8] Liu Y Q, Zhang Y P, Zhang H Y, L H H, Li T T, Ren G J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 075201 (in Chinese) [刘亚青, 张玉萍, 张会云, 吕欢欢, 李彤彤, 任广军 2014 物理学报 63 075201]
[9] Lu H, Liu X, Mao D, Wang L, Gong Y 2010 Opt. Express 18 17922
[10] Wang B, Wang G P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 133106
[11] Wang G, Lu H, Liu X, Mao D, Duan L 2011 Opt. Express 19 3513
[12] Tao J, Huang X G, Lin X S, Chen J H, Zhang Q, Jin X P 2010 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27 323
[13] Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[14] Arigong B, Shao J, Ren H, Zheng G, Lutkenhaus J, Kim H, Lin Y, Zhang H 2012 Opt. Express 20 13789
[15] He S, Zhang X, He Y 2013 Opt. Express 21 30664
[16] Christensen J, Manjavacas A, Thongrattanasiri S, Koppens Frank H L, Javier García de Abajo F 2011 ACS Nano 6 431
[17] Liu Y, Yao J, Chen C, Miao L, Jiang J J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 063601 (in Chinese) [刘源, 姚洁, 陈驰, 缪灵, 江建军 2013 物理学报 62 063601]
[18] Zhu X, Yan W, Mortensen N A, Xiao S 2013 Opt. Express 21 3486
[19] Gómez-Díaz J, Perruisseau-Carrier J 2013 Opt. Express 21 15490
[20] Li H, Wang L, Huang Z, Sun B, Zhai X, Li X 2013 Europhys. Lett. 104 37001
[21] Wang B, Zhang X, Yuan X, Teng J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 131111
[22] Li H J, Wang L L, Liu J Q, Huang Z R, Sun B, Zhai X 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 211104
[23] Wang J, Lu W B, Li X B, Ni Z H, Qiu T 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 135106
[24] Li H J, Wang L L, Zhang H, Huang Z R, Sun B, Zhai X, Wen S C 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 024301
[25] Hu J, Lu W, Wang J 2014 Europhys. Lett. 106 48002
[26] Zhang L, Yang J, Fu X, Zhang M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 163114
[27] Sheng S W, Li K, Kong F M, Zhuang H W 2015 Opt. Commun. 336 189
[28] Li H J, Wang L L, Huang Z R, Sun B, Zhai X 2014 Plasmonics 9 6
[29] Hanson G W 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 064302
[30] Mak K F, Sfeir M Y, Wu Y, Lui C H, Misewich J A, Heinz T F 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 196405
[31] Nikitin A Y, Guinea F, García-Vidal L, Martín-Moreno F J 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 161407
[32] Fei Z, Rodin A S, Andreev G O, Bao W, McLeod A S, Wagner M, Zhang L M, Zhao Z, Thiemens M, Dominguez G, Fogler M M, Castro Neto A H, Lau C N, Keilmann F, Basov D N 2012 Nature 487 82
[33] Vakil A, Engheta N 2011 Science 332 1291
[34] Gao W, Shi G, Jin Z, Shu J, Zhang Q, Vajtai R, Ajayan P M, Kono J, Xu Q 2013 Nano Lett. 13 3698
[35] Yao Y, Kats M A, Genevet P, Yu N, Song Y, Kong J, Capasso F 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1257
[36] Kang C Y, Tang J, Li L M, Yan W S, Xu P S, Wei S Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 037302 (in Chinese) [康朝阳, 唐军, 李利民, 闫文盛, 徐彭寿, 韦世强 2012 物理学报 61 037302]
[37] Lin X S, Huang X G 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2874
[38] Lin X S, Huang X G 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 1263
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