从纳米原子到巨型分子的软物质研究

张文彬; 陈尔强; 王晶; 张维; 王林格; 程正迪

doi:10.7498/aps.65.183601

摘要

本文通过分析软物质科学发展的趋势，回顾了纳米原子与巨型分子这类新型软物质材料的发展历程，总结了纳米原子的结构特点以及巨型分子自组装的若干特色，提出将纳米原子作为巨型分子的基本结构子和功能子，以实现模块化的精确结构高分子理性设计与精准合成，并进一步实现其可控组装，调节其多级结构（特别是1-100 nm尺度的结构），最终实现其多样的功能化. 这种具有高度刚性构型和固定形状尺寸的大分子有别于传统大分子的柔性链式结构，在组装中也呈现出了与传统大分子截然不同的有趣相态和相结构，是大分子科学的一类新元素，值得进行深入研究.

关键词:

Abstract

In this brief review, we look back on the conception of nano-atoms and their gradual evolutions into a new class of giant molecules in the context of soft matter science. The structural features and the characteristics about giant molecular self-assembly are summarized. It is found that these giant molecules with high conformational rigidities and precisely-defined shapes and symmetries can exhibit unusual phase structures and phase transition behaviors which are not commonly observed in conventional polymers. Their self-assembly is robust due to collective and cooperative interactions among nano-atoms, forming hierarchical structures that are sensitive to their primary structures. This modular feature is reminiscent to the domain concept in protein science. It is thus proposed that nano-atoms can serve as unique elements for macromolecular science.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 软物质科学与工程中心, 高分子化学与物理教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871;

2.
华南理工大学, 华南软物质科学与技术高等研究院, 广州 510640;

3.
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron Ohio 44325-3909, USA

通信作者: 张文彬, wenbin@pku.edu.cn;scheng@uakron.edu ; 程正迪, wenbin@pku.edu.cn;scheng@uakron.edu

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：21674003，21474003，91427304）、国家高技术研究发展计划（批准号：2015AA020941）和NSF of USA（批准号：DMR-1409972，DMR-0906898）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

2.
South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;

3.
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron Ohio 44325-3909, USA

Corresponding author: Zhang Wen-Bin, wenbin@pku.edu.cn;scheng@uakron.edu ; Cheng Stephen Z. D., wenbin@pku.edu.cn;scheng@uakron.edu

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21674003, 21474003, 91427304), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2015AA020941), and the National Science Foundation of USA (Grant Nos. DMR-1409972, DMR-0906898).

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施引文献

[1]	Ouyang Z C 2000 Soft Matters-Scientific Frontiers at the Crossroad of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology at 21st Century (Changsha: Hunan Education Publishing House) (in Chinese) [欧阳钟灿 2000 软物质21世纪跨物理、化学、生物三大学科的前沿科学 (长沙: 湖南教育出版社)]
[2]	Hamley I W 2007 Introduction to Soft Matter: Synthetic and Biological Self-assembling Materials (Rev. Ed.) (Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons)
[3]	Degennes P G 1992 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 31 842
[4]	Doi M 2013 Soft Matter Physics (1st Ed.) (Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press)
[5]	Cheng S Z D 2005 J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 43 3361
[6]	Cheng S Z D 2008 Phase Transitions in Polymers: The Role of Metastable States (1st) (Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier)
[7]	Feynman R P 1960 Eng. Sci. 23 22
[8]	Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D 2015 Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 33 797
[9]	Zhang W B, Yu X, Wang C L, Sun H J, Hsieh I F, Li Y, Dong X H, Yue K, van Horn R, Cheng S Z D 2014 Macromolecules 47 1221
[10]	Kastner M A 1993 Phys. Today 46 24
[11]	Tomalia D A, Christensen J B, Boas U 2012 Dendrimers, Dendrons, and Dendritic Polymers: Discovery, Application, and the Future (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press)
[12]	Tomalia D A, Jensen A 2007 Periodic Patterns, Relationships and Categories of Well-Defined Nanoscale Building Blocks (National Science Foundation Workshop Report)
[13]	Roy X, Lee C H, Crowther A C, Schenck C L, Besara T, Lalancette R A, Siegrist T, Stephens P W, Brus L E, Kim P, Steigerwald M L, Nuckolls C 2013 Science 341 157
[14]	Luo Z, Castleman A W 2014 Acc. Chem. Res. 47 2931
[15]	Nimmala P R, Knoppe S, Jupally V R, Delcamp J H, Aikens C M, Dass A 2014 J. Phys. Chem. B 118 14157
[16]	Wu K, Huang M, Yue K, Liu C, Lin Z, Liu H, Zhang W, Hsu C H, Shi A C, Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D 2014 Macromolecules 47 4622
[17]	Yu X, Zhong S, Li X, Tu Y, Yang S, van Horn R M, Ni C, Pochan D J, Quirk R P, Wesdemiotis C, Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 16741
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[23]	Lin M C, Hsu C H, Sun H J, Wang C L, Zhang W B, Li Y, Chen H L, Cheng S Z D 2014 Polymer 55 4514
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[25]	Zhang W B 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Akron, OH: University of Akron)
[26]	Zhang W B, Wang X M, Wang X W, Liu D, Han S Y, Cheng S Z D 2015 Prog. Chem. 27 1333
[27]	Corey E J 1967 Pure Appl. Chem. 14 19
[28]	Corey E J, Cheng X M 1989 The Logic of Chemical Synthesis (New York: Wiley)
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[31]	Arnold F H 1998 Acc. Chem. Res. 31 125
[32]	Romero P A, Arnold F H 2009 Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10 866
[33]	Ober C K, Cheng S Z D, Hammond P T, Muthukumar M, Reichmains E, Wooley K L, Lodge T P 2009 Macrmolecules 42 465
[34]	Feng X, Zhu S, Yue K, Su H, Guo K, Wesdemiotis C, Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D, Li Y 2014 ACS Macro Lett. 3 900
[35]	Hirsch A, Brettreich M 2005 Fullerenes: Chemistry and Reactions (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH)
[36]	Wang X M, Guo Q Y, Han S Y, Wang J Y, Han D, Fu Q, Zhang W B 2015 Chem. Eur. J. 21 15246
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[40]	Blazquez-Moraleja A, Eugenia Perez-Ojeda M, Suarez J R, Luisa Jimeno M, Chiara J L 2016 Chem. Commun. 52 5792
[41]	Kolb H C, Finn M G, Sharpless K B 2001 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40 2004
[42]	Iha R K, Wooley K L, Nystrom A M, Burke D J, Kade M J, Hawker C J 2009 Chem. Rev. 109 5620
[43]	Barner-Kowollik C, Du Prez F E, Espeel P, Hawker C J, Junkers T, Schlaad H, van Camp W 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 60
[44]	Li Y, Wang Z, Zheng J, Su H, Lin F, Guo K, Feng X, Wesdemiotis C, Becker M L, Cheng S Z D, Zhang W B 2013 ACS Macro Lett. 2 1026
[45]	Xi W, Scott T F, Kloxin C J, Bowman C N 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater. 24 2572
[46]	Sletten E M, Bertozzi C R 2009 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 6974
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[57]	Zhang W, Huang M, Su H, Zhang S, Yue K, Dong X H, Li X, Liu H, Zhang S, Wesdemiotis C, Lotz B, Zhang W B, Li Y, Cheng S Z D 2016 ACS Cent. Sci. 2 48
[58]	Yue K, Liu C, Guo K, Wu K, Dong X H, Liu H, Huang M, Wesdemiotis C, Cheng S Z D, Zhang W B 2013 Polym. Chem. 4 1056
[59]	Yu X, Yue K, Hsieh I F, Li Y, Dong X H, Liu C, Xin Y, Wang H F, Shi A C, Newkome G R, Ho R M, Chen E Q, Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 10078
[60]	Ni B, Huang M, Chen Z, Chen Y, Hsu C H, Li Y, Pochan D, Zhang W B, Cheng S Z D, Dong X H 2015 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 1392
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[63]	Fierer J O, Veggiani G, Howarth M 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 E1176
[64]	Veggiani G, Nakamura T, Brenner M D, Gayet R V, Yan J, Robinson C V, Howarth M 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113 1202
[65]	Zakeri B, Fierer J O, Celik E, Chittock E C, Schwarz-Linek U, Moy V T, Howarth M 2012 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 E690
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