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87Sr原子存在核自旋，在磁场作用下原子能级会分裂成不同塞曼子能级.通过光抽运对原子进行自旋极化，其自旋极化谱线的探测为锶光钟系统的闭环锁定提供精确的频率参考.本文对87Sr原子钟跃迁能级5s2 1S0m 5s5p 3P0中的mF=+9/2和mF=-9/2的塞曼磁子能级自旋极化谱线进行了探测.经过一级宽带冷却和二级窄线宽冷却与俘获后，锶冷原子温度为3.9 K，原子数目为3.5106.利用邻近魔术波长的813.426 nm半导体激光光源实现水平方向的一维光晶格装载.采用归一化探测方法用线宽为Hz量级的698 nm钟激光对1S03P0偶极禁戒跃迁进行探测，在150 ms的探测时间下获得线宽为6.7 Hz的钟跃迁简并谱.在磁光阱竖直方向施加一个300 mGs的偏置磁场获得塞曼分裂谱，并通过689 nm的圆偏振自旋极化光进行光抽运，最终在探测时间为150 ms时，获得左右旋极化谱线线宽分别为6.2 Hz和6.8 Hz.We demonstrate a spin-polarized clock transition spectrum of the 87Sr optical lattice clock. The clock transition 5s2 1S05s5p 3P0 of isotope 87Sr has a hyperfine structure due to non-zero nuclear spin, inducing ten -polarized transitions from each individual mF state under the condition of a bias magnetic field along the probing polarization axis. In this experiment, atoms are driven to a certain mF state by a circular-polarization pump light to maximize the atomic population, which is beneficial to the stability and uncertainty evaluation of the optical lattice clock. After two stages cooling and trapping, about 3.5106 atoms are trapped in the red magneto-optical trap with a temperature of 3.9 K. A grating-feedback external cavity diode laser with a tapered amplifier is used to build the optical lattice with a magic-wavelength of 813.426 nm. Both waists of the counter-propagating lattice beam along the horizontal direction are overlapped to form a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The lifetime of the atoms trapped in the 1D optical lattice is 1600 ms. The clock laser at 698 nm is a grating-feedback diode laser, which is locked to an ultra-low expansion cavity by the Pound-Drever-Hall technique to stabilize the frequency and phase. As a result, the linewidth of clock laser is narrowed to Hz level. By the normalized shelving method, we obtain a resolved sideband spectrum of 87Sr 5s2 1S05s5p 3P0 transition. According to the spectrum, the lattice temperature along the longitudinal direction is approximately 4.2 K. After that a linewidth of 6.7 Hz of the degenerate clock transition is obtained at a probing time of 150 ms by utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) bias magnetic field, which is used to eliminate the stray magnetic fields. Then a small bias magnetic field of 300 mGs is applied along the polarization axis of the lattice light to achieve the spectrum of Zeeman magnetic sublevels of the clock transition. Furthermore, the mF=+9/2 and mF=-9/2 magnetic sublevels are picked to be respectively pumped by the +-polarized and --polarized light at 689 nm, a variable liquid crystal wave plate is employed to switch on both polarizations. Finally, the spin polarized clock transition spectrum is obtained at the interrogating pulse of 150 ms, and the linewidths of the mF=+9/2, mF=-9/2 magnetic sublevel transitions are 6.8 Hz and 6.2 Hz respectively.
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Keywords:
- strontium optical lattice clock /
- observation of clock transition /
- the spin-polarized spectrum
[1] Huang Y, Guan H, Liu P, Bian W, Ma L, Liang K, Li T, Gao K 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 013001
[2] Chou C W, Hume D B, Koelemeij J C J, Wineland D J, Rosenband T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 070802
[3] Zhou M, Xu X Y 2016 AAPPS Bulletin 26 10
[4] Ushijima I, Takamoto M, Das M, Ohkubo T, Katori H 2015 Nature Photon. 9 185
[5] Hinkley N, Sherman J A, Phillips N B, Schioppo M, Lemke N D, Beloy K, Pizzocaro M, Oates C W, Ludlow A D 2013 Science 341 1215
[6] Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Ye J, Peik E, Schmidt P O 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 637
[7] Bord C J 2005 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 363 2177
[8] Dow J M, Neilan R, Rizos C 2009 J. Geod. 83 191
[9] Rosenband T, Hume D B, Schmidt P O, Chou C W, Brusch A, Lorini L, Oskay W H, Drullinger R E, Fortier T M, Stalnaker J E, Diddams S A, Swann W C, Newbury N R, Itano W M, Wineland D J, Bergquist J C 2008 Science 319 1808
[10] Maleki L Prestage J 2005 Metrologia 42 S145
[11] Kolkowitz S, Pikovski I, Langellier N, Lukin M D, Walsworth R L, Ye J 2016 Phys. Rev. D 94 124043
[12] Will C M 2014 Living Rev. Relativity 17 4
[13] Katori H, Hashiguchi K, Il'inova E Y, Ovsiannikov V D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 153004
[14] Campbell S L, Hutson R B, Martil G E, Goban A, Darkwah Oppong N, McNally R L, Sonderhouse L, Robinson J M, Zhang W, Bloom B J, Ye J 2017 Science 358 90
[15] Falke S, Schnatz H, Vellore Winfred J S R, Middelmann T, Vogt S, Weyers S, Lipphardt B, Grosche G, Riehle F, Sterr U, Lisdat C 2011 Metrologia 48 399
[16] Targat R L, Lorini L, Le Coq Y, Zawada M, Guena J, Abgrall M, Gurov M, Rosenbusch P, Rovera D G, Nago'rny B, Gartman R, Westergaard P G, Tobar M E, Lours M, Santarelli G, Clairon A, Bize S, Laurent P, Lemonde P, Lodewyck J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2109
[17] Lin Y G, Wang Q, Li Y, Meng F, Lin B K, Zang E J, Sun Z, Fang F, Li T C, Fang Z J 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 090601
[18] Boyd M M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Colorado: University of Colorado)
[19] Tian X 2010 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [田晓 2010 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[20] Mukaiyama T, Katori H, Ido T, Li Y, Kuwata-Gonokami M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 113002
[21] Xie Y L, Lu B Q, Liu H, Wang Y B, Chang H 2015 Acta Sin. Quan. Opt. 21 136 (in Chinese) [谢玉林, 卢本全, 刘辉, 王叶兵, 常宏 2015 量子光学学报 21 136]
[22] Wang Q 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Tsinghua University) (in Chinese) [王强 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 清华大学)]
[23] Tian X 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [田晓 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[24] Liu H, Yin M J, Kong D H, Xu Q F, Zhang S G, Chang H 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 151104
[25] Zhang S 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: China Jiliang University) (in Chinese) [张枢 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国计量大学)]
[26] Xu Q F, Liu H, Lu B Q, Wang Y B, Yin M J, Kong D H, Ren J, Tian X, Chang H 2015 Chin. Opt. Lett. 13 100201
[27] McDonald M, McGuyer B H, Iwata G Z, Zelevinsky T 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 023001
[28] Boyd M M, Zelevinsky T, Ludlow A D, Blatt S, Zanon-Willette T, Foreman S M, Ye J 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 022510
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[1] Huang Y, Guan H, Liu P, Bian W, Ma L, Liang K, Li T, Gao K 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 013001
[2] Chou C W, Hume D B, Koelemeij J C J, Wineland D J, Rosenband T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 070802
[3] Zhou M, Xu X Y 2016 AAPPS Bulletin 26 10
[4] Ushijima I, Takamoto M, Das M, Ohkubo T, Katori H 2015 Nature Photon. 9 185
[5] Hinkley N, Sherman J A, Phillips N B, Schioppo M, Lemke N D, Beloy K, Pizzocaro M, Oates C W, Ludlow A D 2013 Science 341 1215
[6] Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Ye J, Peik E, Schmidt P O 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 637
[7] Bord C J 2005 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 363 2177
[8] Dow J M, Neilan R, Rizos C 2009 J. Geod. 83 191
[9] Rosenband T, Hume D B, Schmidt P O, Chou C W, Brusch A, Lorini L, Oskay W H, Drullinger R E, Fortier T M, Stalnaker J E, Diddams S A, Swann W C, Newbury N R, Itano W M, Wineland D J, Bergquist J C 2008 Science 319 1808
[10] Maleki L Prestage J 2005 Metrologia 42 S145
[11] Kolkowitz S, Pikovski I, Langellier N, Lukin M D, Walsworth R L, Ye J 2016 Phys. Rev. D 94 124043
[12] Will C M 2014 Living Rev. Relativity 17 4
[13] Katori H, Hashiguchi K, Il'inova E Y, Ovsiannikov V D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 153004
[14] Campbell S L, Hutson R B, Martil G E, Goban A, Darkwah Oppong N, McNally R L, Sonderhouse L, Robinson J M, Zhang W, Bloom B J, Ye J 2017 Science 358 90
[15] Falke S, Schnatz H, Vellore Winfred J S R, Middelmann T, Vogt S, Weyers S, Lipphardt B, Grosche G, Riehle F, Sterr U, Lisdat C 2011 Metrologia 48 399
[16] Targat R L, Lorini L, Le Coq Y, Zawada M, Guena J, Abgrall M, Gurov M, Rosenbusch P, Rovera D G, Nago'rny B, Gartman R, Westergaard P G, Tobar M E, Lours M, Santarelli G, Clairon A, Bize S, Laurent P, Lemonde P, Lodewyck J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2109
[17] Lin Y G, Wang Q, Li Y, Meng F, Lin B K, Zang E J, Sun Z, Fang F, Li T C, Fang Z J 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 090601
[18] Boyd M M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Colorado: University of Colorado)
[19] Tian X 2010 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [田晓 2010 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[20] Mukaiyama T, Katori H, Ido T, Li Y, Kuwata-Gonokami M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 113002
[21] Xie Y L, Lu B Q, Liu H, Wang Y B, Chang H 2015 Acta Sin. Quan. Opt. 21 136 (in Chinese) [谢玉林, 卢本全, 刘辉, 王叶兵, 常宏 2015 量子光学学报 21 136]
[22] Wang Q 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Tsinghua University) (in Chinese) [王强 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 清华大学)]
[23] Tian X 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [田晓 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[24] Liu H, Yin M J, Kong D H, Xu Q F, Zhang S G, Chang H 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 151104
[25] Zhang S 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: China Jiliang University) (in Chinese) [张枢 2016 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国计量大学)]
[26] Xu Q F, Liu H, Lu B Q, Wang Y B, Yin M J, Kong D H, Ren J, Tian X, Chang H 2015 Chin. Opt. Lett. 13 100201
[27] McDonald M, McGuyer B H, Iwata G Z, Zelevinsky T 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 023001
[28] Boyd M M, Zelevinsky T, Ludlow A D, Blatt S, Zanon-Willette T, Foreman S M, Ye J 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 022510
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