核磁共振量子信息处理研究的新进展

孔祥宇; 朱垣晔; 闻经纬; 辛涛; 李可仁; 龙桂鲁

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180754

摘要

过去的二十年中，量子信息相关研究取得了显著的进展，重要的理论和实验工作不断涌现.与其他量子信息处理系统相比，基于自旋动力学的核磁共振系统，不仅具有丰富而且成熟的控制技术，还拥有相干时间长、脉冲操控精确、保真度高等优点.这也是核磁共振体量子系统能够精确操控多达12比特的量子系统的原因.因此，核磁共振量子处理器在量子信息领域一直扮演着重要角色.本文介绍核磁共振量子计算的基本原理和一些新研究进展.研究的新进展主要包括量子噪声注入技术、量子机器学习在核磁共振平台上的实验演示、高能物理和拓扑序的量子模拟以及核磁共振量子云平台等.最后讨论了液态核磁共振的发展前景和发展瓶颈，并对未来发展方向提出展望.

关键词:

Abstract

In the last 20 years, there have been lots of novel developments and remarkable achievements in quantum information processing theoretically and experimentally. Among them, the coherent control of nuclear spin dynamics is a powerful tool for the experimental implementation of quantum schemes in liquid and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system, especially in liquid-state NMR. Compared with other quantum information processing systems, NMR platform has many advantages such as the long coherence time, the precise manipulation and well-developed quantum control techniques, which make it possible to accurately control a quantum system with up to 12-qubits. Extensive applications of liquid-state NMR spectroscopy in quantum information processing such as quantum communication, quantum computing and quantum simulation have been thoroughly studied over half a century. There are also many outstanding researches in the recent several years. So we focus on the recent researches in this review article. First, we introduce the basic principle of the liquid-state NMR quantum computing and two new methods reported in the pseudo-pure state preparation which has more advantages than the traditional methods. The quantum noise-injection methods and the quantum tomography technology in liquid-state NMR are also mentioned. Then we overview Horrow-Hassidim-Lioyd algorithm, quantum support vector machine algorithm, duality quantum computing and their implementations in liquid-state NMR system. Also, we report recent researches about quantum simulations, including quantum tunneling, high-energy physics and topological sequences. Then we display the quantum cloud platform of our group. In order to let more people, either amateurs or professionals, embrace and more importantly participate in the tidal wave of quantum science, we launch our NMR quantum cloud computing (NMRCloudQ) service. Through NMRCloudQ, we offer a direct access to a real, physical spectrometer in our laboratory and encourage users to explore quantum phenomena and demonstrate quantum algorithms. Finally, we discuss the development prospects and development bottlenecks of NMR, and point out the prospects for the future development direction.

Keywords:

nuclear magnetic resonance /
quantum computing /
quantum simulation /
nuclear magnetic resonance quantum cloud computing

作者及机构信息

1.
清华大学物理系, 低维量子物理国家重点实验室, 北京 100084;

2.
量子物质科学协同创新中心, 北京 100084

通信作者: 龙桂鲁, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2011CB9216002）、国家重点研发计划（批准号：2017YFA0303700）和国家自然科学基金（批准号：91221205，11774197，61727801）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Long Gui-Lu, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natioanl Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB9216002), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303700), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91221205, 11774197, 61727801).

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施引文献

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