非周期微纳结构增强有机发光二极管光耦合输出的研究进展

刘萌娇; 张新稳; 王炯; 秦雅博; 陈月花; 黄维

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181209

摘要

有机发光二极管（OLED）具有功耗低、重量轻、色域宽、响应时间快及对比度高等优点，在全彩平板显示和固态照明等领域均显现出巨大的应用潜力，受到人们的广泛关注.然而，较低的光输出效率使得器件的外量子效率远低于内量子效率，这严重制约了OLED器件的发展和应用.因此如何提高OLED器件的光耦合输出效率已成为备受关注的研究课题.本文主要介绍了采用非周期微纳结构提高OLED器件光耦合输出效率的最新研究进展，对随机微纳透镜结构、光散射介质层、聚合物多孔散射薄膜、随机凹凸波纹结构及随机褶皱结构等多种对器件亮度分布和光谱稳定性无明显影响的光耦合输出技术进行了总结和讨论.最后，对提高OLED器件光耦合输出研究做了总结和展望.

关键词:

Abstract

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) possess a number of advantages such as low power consumption, light weight, wide color gamut, high response speed, and high contrast ratio. They have received widespread attention due to their tremendous commercial applications in the fields of full-color flat panel display and solid-state lighting. Although nearly 100% internal quantum efficiency of OLED has been achieved through adopting phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. However, the majority of light generated in an emitting layer is confined within the whole device but does not escape into air due to the induced surface plasmons at the interface between metal and dielectric layers as well as the differences in refractive index between layers of OLED structures including air, glass substrate, transparent electrode as well as organic or inorganic layers. The external quantum efficiency for an OLED with a flat glass substrate is limited to~20%. A low light out-coupling efficiency severely restricts the development and application of OLED. Therefore, enhancing the light out-coupling efficiency of OLED via light extraction technology offers the greatest potential for achieving a substantial increase in the external quantum efficiency of OLED and has been one of the most attractive projects. Up to now, lots of light out-coupling technologies such as micro-lens arrays, photonic crystal, Bragg mirrors and periodic grating have been suggested to enhance the out-coupling efficiency of OLEDs. However, the periodic light out-coupling structures have a limitation that the electroluminescence intensity and spectrum of OLED usually depend on the viewing angle. The angular dependence of the emission characteristic does not hold true for actual display applications due to its deviation from the Lambertian intensity distribution. In this review, we present recent research progress of using non-period micro/nanostructures to improve the light out-coupling efficiency of OLED. In contrast to the emission directionality for OLED using periodic light out-coupling structures, the luminance distribution and spectral stability of OLED based on non-period micro/nanostructures are insensitive to viewing angle. Various light out-coupling techniques such as random micro/nano lens structure, light scattering medium layer, polymer porous scattering films, random concave-convex corrugated structure, and random buckled structure are summarized and discussed. These techniques have the potential applications in displays and solid-state lighting. Finally, summary and prospects regarding to light-coupling techniques of OLEDs are presented.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院, 有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室培育基地, 南京 210023

通信作者: 张新稳, iamxwzhang@njupt.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：61774088，61705112）、国家重点基础研究计划（批准号：2014CB648300）、江苏省自然科学基金（批准号：BK20170913，BK20161519）和江苏高校优势学科建设工程（批准号：YX03001）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
National Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Xin-Wen, iamxwzhang@njupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61774088, 61705112), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB648300), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. BK20170913, BK20161519), and the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (Grant No. YX03001).

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施引文献

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