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中国物理学会期刊

三体相互作用下准一维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的带隙孤子及其稳定性

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20191278

Gap solitons and their stabilities in a quasi one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate under three-body interaction

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20191278
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  • 具有三体相互作用的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(Bose-Einstein Condensate, BEC)束缚于雅可比椭圆周期势中, 在平均场近似下可用3—5次Gross-Pitaevskii方程(GPE)描述. 首先利用多重尺度法对该系统进行了理论分析, 将GPE化为一定态非线性薛定谔方程(Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation, NLSE), 并给出了一类带隙孤子的解析表达式. 然后采用牛顿共轭梯度法数值得到了该系统中存在的两类带隙孤子, 发现孤子的振幅随着三体相互作用的增强而减小, 这与多重尺度法分析所得结论一致. 最后用时间劈裂傅里叶谱方法对GPE进行长时间动力学演化以考察孤子的稳定性, 发现系统中既存在稳定的带隙孤子, 也存在不稳定的带隙孤子, 且外势的模数会对孤子的结构和稳定性产生明显影响.

     

    We study the gap solitons and their stability properties in a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) under three-body interaction loaded in a Jacobian elliptic sine potential, which can be described by a cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) in the mean-field approximation. Firstly, the GPE is transformed into a stationary cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) by the multi-scale method. A class of analytical solution of the NLSE is presented to describe the gap solitons. It is shown analytically that the amplitude of the gap soliton decreases as the two-body or three-body interaction strength increases. Secondly, many kinds of gap solitons, including the fundamental soliton and the sub-fundamental soliton, are obtained numerically by the Newton-Conjugate-Gradient (NCG) method. There are two families of fundamental solitons: one is the on-site soliton and the other is the off-site soliton. All of them are bifurcated from the Bloch band. Both in-phase and out-phase dipole solitons for off-site solitons do exist in such a nonlinear system. The numerical results also indicate that the amplitude of the gap soliton decreases as the nonlinear interaction strength increases, which accords well with the analytical prediction. Finally, long-time dynamical evolution for the GPE is performed by the time-splitting Fourier spectrum method to investigate the dynamical stability of gap solitons. It is shown that the on-site solitons are always dynamically stable, while the off-site solitons are always unstable. However, both stable and unstable in-phase or out-phase dipole solitons, which are not bifurcated from the Bloch band, indeed exist. For a type of out-phase soliton, there is a critical value q_c when the chemical potential μ is fixed. The solitons are linearly stable as q>q_c, while they are linearly unstable for q<q_c. Therefore, the modulus q plays an important role in the stability of gap solitons. One can change the dynamical behavior of gap solitons by adjusting the modulus of external potential in experiment. We also find that there exists a kind of gap soliton, in which the soliton is dynamically unstable if only the two-body interaction is considered, but it becomes stable when the three-body interaction is taken into account. This indicates that the three-body interaction has influence on the stability of gap solitons.

     

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