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石墨烯与复合纳米结构SiO2@Au对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的协同优化

物理学报, 2020, 69(16): 160201.
DOI: 10.7498/aps.69.20191722
CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20191722

Significant enhancement of the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with photoelectrode co-doped graphene and hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructure

Acta Phys. Sin., 2020, 69(16): 160201.
DOI: 10.7498/aps.69.20191722
CSTR: 32037.14.aps.69.20191722
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  • 摘要

    染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells, DSCs)因其制备工艺简单、成本低廉以及优异的光学性质在近年来引起了大家的广泛关注. 为了获得更优的光电性能, 利用球磨法制备了一系列不同含量纳米结构SiO2@Au和固定含量石墨烯协同掺杂的复合光阳极薄膜, 并制备了相应的DSCs. 研究了纳米结构SiO2@Au和石墨烯联合掺杂对光阳极及其相应DSCs光电转换性能的影响. 金纳米颗粒因其局域表面等离子体共振效应能够有效提高DSCs的短路电流密度. 而石墨烯作为典型的二维材料, 具有较大的比表面积以及高导电性等优异性质, 有利于增加薄膜的比表面积. 当纳米结构SiO2@Au和石墨烯协同掺杂至光阳极薄膜内部, 且SiO2@Au掺杂量为1.5%时, 相应电池的短路电流密度为15.59 mA·cm–2, 光电转换效率为6.68%, 相比基于传统纯TiO2光阳极电池的性能分别提高了15.67%和8.8%. 研究表明, 基于不同含量复合纳米结构SiO2@Au和固定量石墨烯共掺的DSCs性能的提高, 主要归因于复合纳米结构SiO2@Au的掺入, 其中分布较为均匀的金纳米颗粒作为光学天线可以将光局域到颗粒表面, 增强表面电磁场强度, 有效增强光与物质的相互作用, 优化了染料的光吸收能力, 增加薄膜内部光生载流子数量. 而石墨烯的引入则改善了光阳极薄膜的比表面积, 增加了薄膜整体对染料的吸附量, 且石墨烯良好的导电性能加快了光生载流子的传输, 两者协同作用实现了DSCs的光电转换性能的优化.

     

    Abstract

    Attributed to facile fabrication, low production costs and outstanding photoelectric properties, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years. In order to achieve better photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSCs, a series of TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes co-doped with different amounts of hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructures and certain amount of graphene are prepared by a mechanical ball milling method. The influence of SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene on the performance of the photoanodes and their DSCs were investigated. The Au nanoparticles can remarkably enhance the short-circuit current density (Jsc) due to the local surface plasmon resonance effect of the noble metal nanoparticles. As a unique two-dimensional material, graphene has several amazing characteristics, such as high specific surface area and excellent conductivity. Studies showed that by introducing both SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene, the light-absorbing, electron mobility and dye loading of the photoanodes were remarkably increased. Experimental results indicated that in comparison with those DSCs based with pure TiO2 photoanode, the DSCs with photoanodes incorporated with SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene showed the optimal performance with short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.59 mA/cm2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.68%, increasing significantly by 15.67% and 8.8%, respectively. This significant enhancement in Jsc and PCE of DSCs are mainly attributed to the increase in light-absorption and dye-loading of the photoanodes due to the hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene.

     

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