基于摩擦纳米发电机的可穿戴能源器件

丁亚飞; 陈翔宇

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200867

摘要

随着电子器件向着小型化、功能化的方向迈进, 可穿戴电子器件受到越来越多的关注, 但是可穿戴电子器件的能源供给问题目前仍亟待解决. 基于摩擦起电与静电感应耦合效应的摩擦纳米发电机具有成本低、选材广、柔性等特点, 可以收集人体的低频、不规律能量并高效地转化为电能, 在可穿戴带能源器件领域有着巨大的发展潜力. 本文将首先介绍摩擦纳米发电机的四种基本工作模式以及摩擦起电机理的最新研究, 然后从贴敷于人体皮肤的直接式能源收集与附着于衣物、鞋子等人体附属物的间接式能源收集两个部分详细综述基于摩擦纳米发电机的可穿戴能源器件的研究进展. 最后, 对用于驱动电子器件的能量管理模块进行系统介绍, 分析讨论目前可穿戴能源器件发展中的问题和瓶颈, 探讨未来的发展方向.

关键词:

Abstract

With the miniaturization and functionalization of electronic devices, wearable electronics has drawn generally attention, but the energy supply for wearable electronics becomes one of the most burning questions. The triboelectric nanogenerator based on the coupling effects of electrostatic induction and triboelectrification, which has low cost and wide material selection attributes, proves to be a powerful technology for converting low-frequency mechanical energy into electricity. In this review, the four fundamental modes of triboelectric nanogenerator and the physical mechanism of contact-electrification are presented first. Then, we introduce the research progress of wearable from the direct and indirect aspects. Directly wearable triboelectric nanogenerator can be integrated into a skin while indirectly wearable device is only allowed to assemble into user’s clothing or its appendages. In addition, the power management circuits for driving electronic devices and energy storage are summarized. Finally, we discuss the current bottlenecks and present our perspectives on future directions in this field.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

丁亚飞^1,2,
陈翔宇^1,2

1.
中国科学院北京纳米能源与系统研究所, 北京微纳米能源与传感器重点实验室, 中国科学院纳米科学卓越中心, 北京　100083

2.
中国科学院大学纳米科学与技术学院, 北京　100049

通信作者: 陈翔宇, chenxiangyu@binn.cas.cn

基金项目: 国家级-国家科技支撑计划(2016YFA0202704)

Authors and contacts

1.
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

2.
School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Chen Xiang-Yu, chenxiangyu@binn.cas.cn

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

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施引文献

图 1 基于TENG的可穿戴能源收集系统示意图^[40-48]

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of wearable energy system based on triboelectric nanogenerator^[40-48].

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图 2 TENG的四种基本工作模式和物理机理　(a) TENG的四种基本工作模式^[49]; (b)固体与固体接触起电中的电子云势垒模型^[20]; (c)固体与液体接触起电的电子云势垒模型^[50]

Fig. 2. The four fundamental modes of the TENG and the mechanisms of contact electrification: (a) The four fundamental modes of the TENG^[49]; the overlapped electron-cloud model proposed for explaining contact electrification (b) between solid and solid state^[20], (c) between solid and liquid state^[50].

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图 3 聚合物材料的分子结构对摩擦起电效果的影响机制　(a) 聚合物材料离子辐照和接触起电过程的示意图^[60]; (b) 主链相同侧链不同的聚合物电子云模型示意图^[61]

Fig. 3. Influence of molecular structure of polymer materials on triboelectrification: (a) Schematic diagram of ion irradiation and contact electrification of polymer materials^[60]; (b) the main chain is same, the electron cloud range of different groups in the side chain^[61].

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图 4 织物基间接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 三维双面互锁的织物基TENG^[43]; (b) 用于生物运动能量收集的直流纤维基TENG^[65]; (c) 三维正交编织的TENG^[66]

Fig. 4. Textile-based indirectly wearable TENG: (a) 3D double-faced interlock fabric TENG for bio-motion energy harvesting^[43]; (b) direct current fabric TENG for biomotion energy harvesting^[65]; (c) 3D orthogonal woven TENG^[66].

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图 5 薄膜基的间接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 超薄的单电极模式TENG^[67]; (b) 可穿戴的TENG^[68]; (c) 表面的透气TENG^[69]; (d) 超薄的TENG^[70]

Fig. 5. Thin film-based indirectly wearable TENG: (a) An ultrathin flexible single-electrode TENG^[67]; (b) wearable triboelectric generator^[68]; (c) gas-permeable on-skin TENG^[69]; (d) TENG with ultrathin thickness^[70].

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图 6 弹性体结构的间接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 可拉伸的防水TENG^[45]; (b) 自充电能量包^[71]; (c) 可水下使用的TENG^[72]; (d) 全弹性结构的TENG^[73]

Fig. 6. Elastomer-based indirectly wearable TENG: (a) Stretchable and waterproof TENG ^[45]; (b) self-charging power package^[71]; (c) a bionic stretchable nanogenerator^[72]; (d) fully elastic TENG^[73].

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图 7 其他材料组成的间接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 可穿戴的袋式TENG^[74]; (b) 纺织于衣物或安装在鞋底的TENG ^[75]; (c) TENG供电的自驱动系统^[47]

Fig. 7. Wearable TENG with special structure: (a) Wearable pouch-type TENG^[74]; (b) TENG weaved into a coat and assembled under shoes^[75]; (c) TENG enabled body sensor network^[47].

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图 8 织物基直接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a)一种高度可拉伸、可水洗的全纱TENG^[76]; (b)具有黑磷包覆结构的TENG^[77]; (c)单根纤维组成的TENG^[78]; (d)单股纤维纺织的柔性摩擦电纳米发电机^[79]

Fig. 8. Textile-based directly wearable TENG: (a) A highly stretchable and washable all-yarn based self-charging knitting power textile^[76]; (b) skin-touch-actuated textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator^[77]; (c) single-thread-based TENG^[78]; (d) flexible single-strand fiber-based woven structured triboelectric nanogenerator^[79].

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图 9 基于薄膜的直接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 柔性可拉伸的TENG^[80]; (b) 基于纳米纤维膜的TENG^[81]; (c) 柔韧、轻巧的TENG^[82]; (d)具有抗菌特性的TENG^[83]

Fig. 9. Thin film-based directly wearable TENG: (a) Flexible and stretchable TENG^[80]; (b) crumpled nanofibrous membranes based TENG^[81]; (c) a flexible, lightweight TENG^[82]; (d) a breathable and antibacterial TENG^[83].

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图 10 基于弹性体的直接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 可拉伸的透明TENG^[84]; (b) 电鳗皮肤仿生的TENG^[44]; (c) 基于导电高分子电极的TENG^[85]

Fig. 10. Elastomer-based directly wearable TENG: (a) Ultrastretchable, transparent TENG^[84]; (b) electric eel-skin-inspired TENG^[44]; (c) a liquid PEDOT:PSS electrode-based stretchable TENG^[85].

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图 11 其他材料组成的直接式可穿戴能源器件研究进展　(a) 导电液体作为电极的摩擦纳米发电机^[48]; (b) 密封腔结构的摩擦纳米发电机^[86]

Fig. 11. Directly wearable TENG with special structure: (a) A highly shape-adaptive TENG based on conductive liquid^[48]; (b) an airtight-cavity-structural triboelectric nanogenerator^[86].

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图 12 电路管理系统研究进展　(a) 自驱动系统结构示意图; (b) 高效存储TENG产生的能量^[41]; (c) 一个通用的自充电系统^[40]; (d)通用的能量管理策略^[12]; (e)基于分形设计的开关电容换能器^[87]

Fig. 12. Advances in power management circuits: (a) Self-charging power systems; (b) effective energy storage from a triboelectric nanogenerator^[41]; (c) a universal self-charging system^[40]; (d) universal power management strategy^[12]; (e) switched-capacitor-convertors for output power management^[87].

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表 1 可穿戴能源器件输出特性对比

Table 1. The output performance of wearable electronics.

	分类	主要材料	尺寸/cm²	开路电压V_OC/C	短路电流I_SC/μA	转移电荷量Q/nc	峰值功率密度P/mW·m^–2
间接式	织物	聚酯纤维、不锈钢^[66]	18.0	45	1.80	18.0	263.36
	织物	尼龙66^[65]	47.6	4500	40.00	4470.0	—
	薄膜	炭油、弹性体膜^[70]	9.0	115	3.00	—	—
	薄膜	聚丙烯、氧化铟锡、氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物^[67]	65.0	150	60.00	100.0	1320.00
	弹性体	硅橡胶、炭黑、聚吡咯^[45]	26.6	120	3.60	239.4	—
	弹性体	硅橡胶银纳米线^[71]	28.0	250	—	160.0	—
直接式	织物	黑磷、纤维素油酰酯^[77]	49.0	880	40.00	4000.0	5500.00
	织物	硅橡胶不锈钢聚酯纤维^[76]	16.0	150	3.00	52.0	85.00
	薄	聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇、银纳米线^[83]	16.0	95	3.00	30.0	130.00
	薄	聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、氧化石墨烯、弹性体^[81]	9.0	80	1.67	30.0	500.00
	弹性体	聚二甲基硅氧烷、离子水凝胶、VHB ^[84]	12.0	145	1.50	47.0	35.00
	弹性体	聚乙撑二氧噻吩掺杂聚 (苯乙烯磺酸盐)/硅橡胶^[85]	18.0	265	24.90	85.0	14.00

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