In the ocean atmosphere boundary layer far from the continent, marine aerosols generally include two types: sea salt aerosols and secondary marine aerosols. The sea salt aerosols, also called sea salt droplets, stay in the atmosphere for a short time. The sea salt aerosols are produced by the splashing of waves caused by sea breeze on the sea surface. Quantum satellite-to-ship communication is one of the important application scenarios of quantum secret communication. The quantum satellite-to-ship communication is an important part of building a global quantum communication network. In the South China Sea, because the change of wind speed will cause a sharp change in the concentration of aerosol particles and the sharp change of the concentration of aerosol particles can change its own extinction characteristics, the change of aerosol extinction characteristics will inevitably lead to a dramatic attenuation of the satellite-to-ship’s quantum link performance. However, the research on the relationship between wind speed on the sea surface and quantum satellite satellite-to-ship communication channel parameters has not been carried out so far. In this paper, based on the Gras model of wind speeds on the sea surface and aerosol, the quantitative relationship between wind speed and satellite-to-ship quantum channel error rate, channel capacity and channel average fidelity are established respectively. The simulation results show that when the transmission distance is constant, as the sea surface wind speed increases, the channel bit error rate increases; as the wind speed increases, the channel capacity of quantum satellite satellite-to-ship communication decreases; when the source probability is constant, as the wind speed increases, the average fidelity of the channel shows a decreasing trend. When the wind speeds are 4 m/s and 20 m/s, the oceanic atmospheric channel error rate, channel capacity, and channel average fidelity are respectively 4.62 × 10^–3 and 4.91 × 10^–3, 0.957 and 0.65, 0.999 and 0.974. It can be seen that the wind speed has a significant effect on the performance of maritime quantum communication. Therefore, when quantum communication over the ocean, in order to improve the reliability of communication, the parameters of the system should be adaptively adjusted according to the wind speed.