等离子气化技术用于固体废物处理的研究进展

孙成伟; 沈洁; 任雪梅; 陈长伦

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201676

摘要

社会经济的快速发展致使固体废物的产量迅速增加, 传统的处理工艺, 如填埋、焚烧和堆肥等方法, 不仅效率低下, 而且存在着二次污染和资源浪费等诸多问题, 因此, 急需探索新的固体废物处理技术. 等离子气化技术因具有高效、环保和能源转化率高等特点而被应用于固体废物的处理. 本文介绍了等离子气化技术处理固体废物的背景与意义, 综述了等离子气化技术在不同固体废物处理中的应用, 就国内外等离子气化技术水平与研究进展进行了详细的阐述, 并对目前等离子气化固体废物应用中存在的问题进行了着重分析. 综合多方面因素指出等离子气化技术是固体废物资源无害化处理的有效方式.

关键词:

Abstract

The rapid development of social economy leads the output of solid waste to increase rapidly. The traditional treatment methods, such as landfilling, incineration and composting, are not only inefficient, but also have many limitations, such as secondary pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new solid waste treatment technology. Due to its high efficiency, environmental protection and high energy conversion, the plasma gasification technology has been applied to the harmless treatment of solid waste. This article introduces the background and significance of plasma gasification technology in solid waste treatment, and summarizes the application of plasma gasification technology to different solid waste treatments, the technical level and research progress of plasma gasification of solid waste in the world are described in detail, and the existing problems in the current application of plasma gasification of solid waste are emphatically analyzed. It is pointed out that plasma gasification technology is an effective way to treat solid waste.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所, 合肥　230031

通信作者: 陈长伦, clchen@ipp.ac.cn

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金(批准号: 2008085MB46, 1808085MA13)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51877208) 资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Corresponding author: Chen Chang-Lun, clchen@ipp.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. 2008085MB46, 1808085MA13) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51877208)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

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施引文献

图 1 反应器示意图(1, 料斗; 2, 反应器; 3, 泥渣收集桶; 4, 淬火室; 5, 加力燃烧室)^[30]

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of reactor. 1, material hopper; 2, reactor; 3, slag collection bucket; 4, quenching chamber; 5, afterburner ^[30].

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图 2 (a)等离子气化医疗废物装置示意图^[21]; (b)等离子体气化反应器示意图^[21]

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of plasma gasification medical waste equipment^[21]; (b) schematic diagram of the plasma gasification reactor^[21].

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图 3 (a)低功率转移弧等离子炬^[42]; (b)非转移弧与(c)转移弧等离子炬反应器^[47]

Fig. 3. (a) Low power transfer are plasma torch^[42]; (b) non-transfer arc and (c) transfer arc plasma reactor^[47].

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图 4 等离子气化系统的示意图^[51]

Fig. 4. Schematic of the plasma gasification system^[51].

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图 5 热等离子体工艺处理城市废物示意图^[56]

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of thermal plasma process for municipal solid waste treatment^[56].

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图 6 集成炉示意图^[56]

Fig. 6. Schematic of the integrated furnace^[56].

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图 7 APP公司等离子气化工艺示意图^[57]

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of APP company plasma gasification process^[57].

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图 8 等离子玻璃化飞灰的示意图^[59]

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of plasma vitrification fly ash^[59].

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图 9 三相交流等离子体炬示意图^[63]

Fig. 9. Scheme of the three-phase AC plasma torch^[63].

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图 10 (a) PGM设备示意图; (b) PGM气化炉示意图^[64]

Fig. 10. (a) Schematic diagram of PGM equipment; (b) schematics of PGM gasifier^[64].

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图 11 气化过程示意图^[68]

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of gasification process^[68].

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图 12 直流等离子体反应器示意图^[69]

Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of direct current plasma reactor^[69]

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图 13 玻璃化炉的示意图^[40]

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of vitrification furnace^[40].

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图 14 等离子体玻璃化系统的示意图^[73]

Fig. 14. Schematic of the plasma vitrification system^[73].

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图 15 等离子体焚烧工艺流程图^[79]

Fig. 15. Process flow diagram of plasma incineration^[79].

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[48]	Fabry F, Rehmet C, Rohani V, Fulcheri L 2013 Waste Biomass Valorization 4 421 Google Scholar
[49]	Sanito R C, You S J, Chang T J, Wang Y F 2020 J. Environ. Manage. 270 110910 Google Scholar
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