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As a new type of multi-principal component solid solution alloy, high-entropy alloy has the four major effects, i.e. high entropy, lattice distortion, slow diffusion, and “cocktail” in orderly arrangement of atoms and chemical disorder. It exhibits excellent comprehensive performances and is expected to be used as a new type of high-temperature structural material, wear-resistant material, and radiation-resistant material, which is used in the areas of aerospace, mining machinery, nuclear fusion reactors and others. In this paper, the present research status, conventional preparation methods, microstructures and phase compositions of tungsten high entropy alloys are mainly introduced. In view of the excellent comprehensive properties of high-entropy alloys, the mechanical properties, friction and wear resistance, and radiation resistance of tungsten high-entropy alloys are summarized, and the future research directions of tungsten high-entropy alloys are also prospected.
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Keywords:
- high-entropy alloy /
- high temperature mechanical properties /
- radiation resistance /
- tungsten
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图 9 相应图表的结构以及两种合金在每个滑动距离和所使用的计数器体的磨损率值 (a) 滑动距离400 m; (b) 滑动距离1000 m; (c) 滑动距离2000 m [99]
Fig. 9. Comparative diagrams of the volume loss (left) and the wear rate (right) of Mo20Ta20W20Nb20V20 versus Inconel 718, tested with both an alumina and a steel ball for sliding distances of (a) 400 m, (b) 1000 m, and (c) 2000 m, respectively[99].
图 10 在1073 K下1–MeV Kr+2原位辐照HEAs的TEM明场显微图[55]
Fig. 10. Bright-field TEM micrographs as a function of dpa of in situ 1–MeV Kr+2-irradiated HEA at 1073 K using a dpa rate of 0.0016 dpa/s: (A) Pre-irradiation; (B) 0.2 dpa; (C) 0.6 dpa; (D) 1.0 dpa; (E) 1.6 dpa; (F) 3.2 dpa; (G) 4.8 dpa; (H) 6.4 dpa; (I) 8 dpa[55].
表 1 近年来一些典型钨HEAs的相组成
Table 1. Phase composition of some typical Tungsten high entropy alloys in recent years.
年份 合金 条件 相 文献 2010 NbMoTaW AC BCC [39] 2010 VNbMoTaW AC BCC [39] 2012 Ti-Nb-Ta-W MS BCC [60] 2015 CrFeNiV0.5W0.25 AC FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNiV0.5W0.5 AC BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNiV0.5W0.75 AC BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNiV0.5W AC BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNi2V0.5W0.25 AC FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNi2V0.5W0.5 AC FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNi2V0.5W0.75 AC BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 CrFeNi2V0.5W AC BCC+FCC+$ \sigma $ [61] 2015 Cr0.5VNbMoTaW AC BCC [62] 2015 CrVNbMoTaW AC BCC [62] 2015 Cr2VNbMoTaW AC BCC [62] 2016 VZrMoTaW AC(+A) BCC+ BCC+HCP+Laves [63] 2016 VNbTaW AC BCC [64] 2016 TiVNbTaW AC BCC [64] 2017 TiNbMoTaW AC BCC [65] 2017 TiVNbMoTaW AC BCC [65] 2017 TixNbMoTaW (x = 0–1) AC BCC [66] 2017 TiVCrTaWx MA+SPS BCC [67] 2018 VCrMoTaW MA BCC [68] 2018 V11Cr15Ta36W38 MS BCC [55] 2018 AlTiCrFeNbMoW LC BCC+IM [58] 2018 Ti8Nb23Mo23Ta23W23 MA+SPS BCC+Carbide [51] 2018 VCrFeTaxWx (x = 0.1, 0.2) AC BCC [69] 2018 VCrFeTaxWx (x = 0.3) AC BCC1+BCC2 [69] 2018 VCrFeTaxWx (x = 0.4, 1) AC BCC1+BCC2+Laves [69] 2018 VNbMoTaW MA+HPHT BCC [50] 2019 VCuMoTaW MA BCC [49,53] 2019 V26.4Cr31.3Mo23.6W18.7 AC BCC [70] 2019 TiNiNbTaW AC BCC+$ \mu $ [71] 2019 Al10Ti18Ni18Nb18Ta18W18 AC BCC+$ \mu $+L21 [71] 2019 VCrNbMoTaW MA+SPS BCC+Laves [48] 2019 Ti34.4Nb32.9Mo17W15.7 AC BCC [72] 2019 Mo-Ru-RhW-Ir AC BCC+HCP+FCC [73,74] 2019 AlTiCrFe1.5NbxMoW (x = 1.5–3) LC BCC+MC+Laves [75] 2019 TiCrNbMoW MA+SPS BCC+Laves [47] 2020 FeNiMoW AC FCC+BCC+$ \mu $ [76] 2020 V2.5Cr1.2Co0.04MoW AC BCC [77] 2020 NbMoReTaWTa AC+A BCC [44] 2020 (TiNbMoW)100–xCrx (x = 5–20) MA+SPS BCC+Laves [43] 2020 (VNbMoTaW)99B1 MA+HPHT BCC [78] AC = 铸造, MS = 磁控溅射, A = 热处理, MA = 球磨, SPS = 放电等离子烧结, LC = 激光熔覆, HPHT = 高压/高压固结技术 -
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