A method of estimating the explosion sound source energy is proposed by combining atmospheric sound field simulation with mid- and short-range overpressure amplitude attenuation model. Aiming at the problem that the traditional sound source energy estimation formula fails to make full use of the atmospheric parameters and the estimation error is too large, through numerically simulating the propagation loss in the atmosphere, the correction effectiveness of the atmospheric parameters to the sound source energy estimation is greatly improved and the estimation accuracy of the sound source energy is enhanced. In the surface chemical explosion experiment, the infrasound is used to receive the signal from 300 km to 2500 km away. A comparison of energy estimation effectiveness between the traditional energy estimation formula and the energy estimation method based on atmospheric sound field simulation of the explosion sound source is made. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective in improving the robustness of yield estimation in comparison with the traditional yield estimation method.