The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) neutralizer is an important part of the miniature ECR ion thruster. The extracted electrons of the neutralizer are used to neutralize the extracted ions of the ECR ion source, which avoids the accumulation of surface charges on the spacecraft and affects the overall performance of the thruster. In order to investigate electron extraction through the orifices of the miniature ECR neutralizer, this paper establishes a two-dimensional particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model. The effects of different magnetic circuits on the electron extraction of the neutralizer and the influence of different cavity lengths on the wall current loss are studied through numerical simulation. the effect of different magnetic circuit structures on the electron extraction and wall current loss of the neutralizer is studied. The calculation results show that the position of the ECR layer and the magnetic flux lines near the extraction orifices are very important to the electron extraction performance of the neutralizer. When the ECR layer is located upstream of the antenna, electrons are easily lost in migration and diffusion motion, and the energy required for the electrons to cross the potential well before the extraction hole is higher. If more magnetic flux lines pass parallelly through the extraction orifices, the neutralizer requires a small voltage to extract the same electron current. When the ECR layer is cut by the antenna or is located downstream of antenna, more electrons may migrate along the magnetic flux lines to the vicinity of the extraction orifices, thereby reducing the voltage of collector plate. The effect of different cavity lengths on the extraction of electrons under the same magnetic circuit structure is studied. It is found that increasing the length of the cavity allows more parallel-axis magnetic flux lines to pass through the extraction holes to avoid electron loss on the surface of the extraction plate and increase the extraction electron current. The research results help to design a reasonable neutralizer magnetic circuit and cavity size.