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中国物理学会期刊

环形运动势搅拌下偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的von Kármán涡街

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20222312

von Kármán vortex street in dipole BEC induced by a circular moving potential

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20222312
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  • 数值研究了偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(Bose-Einstein condensate, BEC) 在环形运动高斯势搅拌时的动力学行为. 当高斯势运动速度和尺寸逐渐变化时, 偶极BEC中将出现稳定层流、涡旋偶极子、Bénard–von Kármán(BvK)涡街以及混乱激发4种模式. 结果表明高斯势在偶极BEC中圆周运动时产生涡街的条件非常苛刻, 只有适当尺寸的高斯势以合适的速度运动时, 尾流中周期性脱落的具有相同旋量的涡旋对稳定的分布在内外两个圆环上, 形成BvK涡街. 在实验参数下进行系统数值计算得到了不同偶极相互作用时的相图, 讨论了偶极相互作用以及高斯势速度和尺寸对不同激发模式的影响. 通过高斯势所受拖拽力的计算, 分析了不同激发的物理学机制.

     

    The dynamical behaviors of a dipole Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which is stirred by a circular moving Gaussian potential, are numerically investigated by using the mean-field theory. In this work, the atom is assumed to polarize along the z-axis. Firstly, the stationary state of the system is obtained by solving the quasi-two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskki equation numerically under periodic boundary conditions. And then, taking the obtained ground state as the initial condition, the dynamic evolution of the dipole BEC system is studied by the time-splitting Fourier spectrum method. Four types of emissions, namely, the stable laminar flow, vortex dipole, Bénard–von Kármán (BvK) vortex street and irregular turbulence, are observed in the wake when the velocity and size of the Gaussian potential change gradually. When the velocity of the Gaussian potential reaches the critical velocity of vortex excitation, vortex pairs with opposite circulations alternately fall off from the surface of the Gaussian potential. Owing to the interaction between the vortex dipoles, the dipoles rotate around their own centers. Finally, a ring structure will be formed and exist in the wake stably for a long time. With the increase of the velocity of Gaussian potential, the period of dipoles shedding is also shortened. For the appropriate velocity and size of the Gaussian potential, the vortex pairs with the same circulations will periodically fall off from the Gaussian potential and stably distributed on the inner and outer rings, forming BvK vortex street. Our caculation reveals that the conditions for forming BvK vortex street when the dipole BEC is stirred with a circular moving potential are very restricted. When the velocity or size of the Gaussian potential continues to increase, the phenomenon of the periodic vortex pairs shedding in the wake of the Gaussian potential will disappear, and the shedding pattern of the dipole BEC becomes irregular. Using experimental parameters, the parameter ranges of different dipole interactions are obtained through numerical calculation. The influences of dipole interactions, velocity and size of the Gaussian potential on different emission are discussed. In the end, the physical mechanisms of different emissions are analyzed by calculating the drag force acting on Gaussian potential.

     

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