基于负载Fe3O4纳米微球的大尺寸单层二维Ti3C2Tx微波吸收性能

肖忆瑶; 何佳豪; 陈南锟; 王超; 宋宁宁

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20231200

摘要

二维碳/氮化物MXene近年来受到了越来越多的关注, 其优异的导电性和表面丰富的官能团可对电磁波吸收有着积极的作用. 然而作为仅有介电损耗的非磁性材料, MXene存在着阻抗不匹配等问题, 极大地限制了实际应用. 因此, 将磁性材料与MXene结合成为了目前微波吸收领域的研究热点, 而降低MXene堆叠现象与调控磁性材料所占比例成为实现良好微波吸收性能的关键因素. 本文通过简单的静电吸附作用将水热法制备的Fe₃O₄纳米微球锚定在大尺寸单层二维Ti₃C₂T_x表面, 并在该Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x复合结构中实现了–69.31 dB的最小反射损耗值(频率为16.19 GHz), 且此时的双峰吸收带宽可达到3.39 GHz. 另外, 雷达截面(RCS)模拟计算表明, 该样品也具有优异的RCS值, 表现出对雷达波优异的衰减能力. 本研究对二维材料和磁性材料在微波吸收领域的性能改善与实际应用提供了新的思路.

关键词:

微波吸收 /
MXene /
Fe₃O₄ /
复合结构

Abstract

With the rapid development of electronic equipment, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation pollution have become serious problems, because excessive electromagnetic interference will not only affect normal operation of electronic equipment but also do great harm to human health. In general, an ideal material for microwave absorption with the characteristics of high reflection loss (RL) intensity, wide effective absorption band (EAB), thin thickness, and lightweight could effectively consume electromagnetic wave (EMW) energy. Therefore, it is crucial to search for such an ideal microwave absorption material to deal with the electromagnetic radiation pollution. Two-dimensional (2D) carbon/nitride MXene has received more and more attention in recent years, because excellent electrical conductivity and rich surface-functional groups in MXene show positive effects on electromagnetic wave absorption. However, as a non-magnetic material with only dielectric loss, MXene exhibits obvious impedance mismatch, which greatly limits its practical applications. Combining MXene with magnetic materials becomes a hotspot for the exploration of ideal microwave absorption materials. As a typical ferrite, Fe₃O₄ shows excellent soft magnetic properties such as high saturation magnetization, high chemical stability, and simple preparation. In this paper, the 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite is successfully prepared by hydrothermal method and simple electrostatic adsorption process. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the surface of large-sized monolayer Ti₃C₂T_x, which effectively reduces the stacking of MXene. By regulating the proportion of magnetic materials, the microwave absorption performance of 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite is investigated. With the content of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite increasing from 4 mg to 8 mg, the microwave absorption performance is enhanced obviously. This is caused by the abundant Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x interface, scattering channels, point defect, charge density difference in 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite, and the optimized impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite reaches –69.31 dB at a frequency of 16.19 GHz, and the effective absorption band (EAB) achieves 3.39 GHz. With the content of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles further increasing to 10 mg, the microwave absorption performance shows a decreasing trend. Excessive Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite lead to the decrease of electrical conductivity and thus the impedance dis-matching and dielectric loss decreasing, which leads the microwave absorption performance to decrease. Radar scattering cross section (RCS) is a physical quantity that evaluates the intensity of the scattered echo energy in the intercepted electromagnetic wave energy. The results of the RCS simulation can be applied to real objects which have been widely utilized in radar wave stealth. Its multi-angle simulation results can be used as an important basis for evaluating the stealth capability of microwave-absorbing material. The RCS simulations show that the average RCS value of 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composite is over –47.92 dBm² at an incidence angle of 25°, demonstrating its excellent radar wave absorption performance. This study provides new ideas for improving and practically using two-dimensional and magnetic materials in the microwave absorption field and gives a new path to the subsequent development of microwave-absorbing composites.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

北京化工大学数理学院, 北京　100029

通信作者: 宋宁宁, songnn@buct.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51872021)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Corresponding author: Song Ning-Ning, songnn@buct.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51872021).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 二维Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料制备过程示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of preparation process for 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composites.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a)单层二维Ti₃C₂T_x的SEM图; (b) Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的SEM图; (c), (d)二维Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的SEM图; (e)二维Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的TEM图, 插图为Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的HRTEM图; (f), (g) Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒和Fe₃O₄纳米微球的粒径分布图; (h)元素映射图

Fig. 2. SEM image of (a) single layer Ti₃C₂T_x, (b) Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and (c), (d) 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composites; (e) TEM image of 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composites, inset shows HRTEM image of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle; (f), (g) particle size distributions of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and Fe₃O₄ nanomicrospheres; (h) elemental mapping.

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图 3 (a)不同阶段产物的XRD图; (b)二维 Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x复合纳米片、(c) Fe 2p、(d) O 1s、(e) Ti 2p、(f) C 1s的XPS光谱

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of the products at different stages; (b) XPS survey spectra of 2D Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x composites, (c) Fe 2p, (d) O 1s, (e) Ti 2p, and (f) C 1s.

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图 4 FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, FT-10样品的相对复介电常数和相对复磁导率　(a), (b)复介电常数的实部和虚部; (c)介电损耗角正切; (d), (e)复数磁导率的实部和虚部; (f)磁损耗角正切

Fig. 4. (a), (b) Real and imaginary parts of the permittivity, (c) dielectric loss tangent of FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, and FT-10 samples; (d), (e) real and imaginary parts of the complex permeability, (f) magnetic loss tangent of FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, and FT-10 samples.

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图 5 (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10的Cole-Cole曲线, 以及4个样品的(e)C₀曲线和(f)衰减常数α

Fig. 5. Cole-Cole plot for (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, and (d) FT-10 samples; (e) C₀ curves and (f) attenuation constant α of the four samples.

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图 6 填充质量分数为20%的(a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10样品的2D反射损耗图; 填充质量分数为20%的(e) FT-4, (f) FT-6, (g) FT-8, (h) FT-10样品的3D反射损耗图

Fig. 6. 2D reflection loss images of (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, and (d) FT-10 samples with 20% filling; 3D reflection loss images of (e) FT-4, (f) FT-6, (g) FT-8, and (h) FT-10 samples with 20% filling.

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图 7 填充质量分数为30%的FT-8 样品的(a) 2D反射损耗图, (b) 3D反射损耗图, (c) Cole-Cole曲线, (d)阻抗匹配图, (e)C₀曲线和(f)衰减常数α

Fig. 7. (a) 2D reflection loss image, (b) 3D reflection loss image, (c) Cole-Cole curve, (d) impedance matching plot, (e) C₀ curve and (f) attenuation constant α for FT-8 samples with 30% filling.

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图 8 填充质量分数为20%的(a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10和(e)填充质量分数为30%的FT-8样品的CST模拟结果; (f) –90°—90°下所有样品的RCS值

Fig. 8. CST simulation results of (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10 samples with 20% filler, (e) FT-8 sample with 30% filler; (f) RCS values of all samples at –90°–90°.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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[31]	Chen N K, Wang C, Xiao Y Y, Han R, Wu Q, Song N N 2023 J. Alloys Compd. 947 169554 Google Scholar
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[36]	Zhang S, Huang Y, Wang J M, Han X P, Zhang G Z, Sun X 2023 Carbon 209 118006 Google Scholar
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[43]	Deng B W, Liu Z C, Pan F, Xiang Z, Zhang X, Lu W 2021 J. Mater. Chem. A 9 3500 Google Scholar
[44]	Lv Y H, Ye X Y, Chen S, Ma L, Zhang L, Liang W K, Wu Y P, Wang Q T 2023 Appl. Surf. Sci. 622 156935 Google Scholar
[45]	Zha L L, Zhang X H, Wu J H, Liu J J, Lan J F, Yang Y, Wu B 2023 Ceram. Int. 49 20672 Google Scholar
[46]	Yan H Y, Guo Y, Bai X Z, Qi J W, Zhao X Y, Lu H P, Deng L J 2023 Appl. Surf. Sci. 633 157602 Google Scholar
[47]	Che R C, Peng L M, Duan X F, Chen Q, Liang X L 2004 Adv. Mater. 16 401 Google Scholar
[48]	Olmedo L, Hourquebie P, Jousse F 1993 Adv. Mater. 5 373 Google Scholar
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基于负载Fe₃O₄纳米微球的大尺寸单层二维Ti₃C₂T_x微波吸收性能