The construction of core-shell structure can effectively reduce the quenching effect on the surface of material and regulate ion-ion interaction, which has become one of the effective ways to enhance and regulate the spectral characteristics of rare-earth upconversion luminescent materials. In this paper, a variety of NaYbF₄: 2%Er³⁺ micron core-shell structures are constructed with the help of epitaxial growth technology, effectively improving the red up-conversion emission of Er³⁺ ions. The prepared microcrystals with core-shell structures are of hexagonal phase microdisks, and their sizes are relatively uniform. In order to better obtain the material spectral data, a confocal microscopic spectroscopy is used to study spectral properties. Under 980 nm near-infrared laser excitation, the red emission intensity of single NaYbF₄:2%Er³⁺@NaYbF₄@NaYF₄ core-shell-shell microdisk is 4.6 times higher than that of NaYbF₄:2%Er³⁺ micron disk, and the red-to-green ratio increases from 6.3 to 8.1. Meanwhile, Ho³⁺ ions are introduced into the NaYbF₄:2%Er³⁺@NaYbF₄: 2%Ho³⁺ @NaYF₄ core-shell-shell microdisk, and the red emission intensity is nearly 6.7 times higher than that of single NaYbF₄: 2%Er³⁺ microdisk, and the red-to-green ratio increases from 6.3 to 9.4 through the interaction between ions. The microcrystal spectral characteristics and luminescence kinetics of different core-shell structures are studied, showing that the red emission enhancement of Er³⁺ ions is mainly derived from the construction of different core-shell structures, which can effectively enhance the cross-relaxation between Er³⁺ ions, the energy back transfer between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions, and the energy transfer from Ho³⁺ ions to Er³⁺ ions. The micron core-shell structures with efficient red emission in this study has great application prospects in the fields of luminescence, anti-counterfeiting and optoelectronic devices.