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高时延分辨率的Hong-Ou-Mandel(HOM)干涉仪一直是量子精密测量领域的研究热点, 将其应用到量子陀螺仪中可以实现突破经典理论极限的角速度测量. 本文提出了基于频率纠缠双光子和级联HOM干涉仪的量子陀螺仪方案. 利用信号光和闲置光之间由于旋转存在的Sagnac效应, 将三轴角速度分别引入到级联HOM干涉仪中的对应测量臂, 利用级联HOM干涉图谱中凹陷位置与多个独立时延差之间的对应关系, 结合干涉可见度与量子Fisher信息理论, 得到3个独立时延差($ {\tau }_{1} $, $ {\tau }_{2} $, $ {\tau }_{3} $)的最大量子Fisher信息分别为(2, 0.1, 0.006). 通过引入测量不确定度, 得出时延值测量精度可以突破散粒噪声极限, 并结合时延差与旋转角速度的关系, 可实现三轴角速度的测量, 且测量精度可以超越经典光学陀螺仪, 方案可为后续量子陀螺仪在全球导航传感领域的进一步应用提供理论支持.
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关键词:
- 级联Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉 /
- 频率纠缠双光子 /
- 量子陀螺仪
The optical gyroscope for measuring the attitude information of spatial carriers, has emerged as a research hotspot in inertial navigation system. Real-time measurement of rotation angular velocity is crucial for obtaining accurate attitude information. However, the measurement accuracy of traditional optical gyroscope is limited by the short noise limit (SNL), which restricts its further applications. Existing research indicates that the quantum technology is needed to address the measurement limitations of traditional optical gyroscopes. A triaxial rotation angular velocity measurement scheme based on frequency entangled biphoton and cascaded Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is proposed in this study. By using the Sagnac effect induced by the rotation between signal and idler photons, the triaxial angular velocity is introduced into the corresponding measurement arm of a cascaded HOM interferometer. The cascaded HOM interferogram is obtained using a coincidence measurement device, and the relationship between the symmetric dip position and the three independent time delay difference is analyzed. The characteristic parameters of HOM interferogram, including a half-height full width (FWHM) of 0.3 ps and visibilities of 1, 0.25 and 0.06, respectively, are obtained. According to quantum Fisher information theory, the maximum quantum Fisher information values of the three independent time delay differences ($ {\tau }_{1} $, $ {\tau }_{2} $, $ {\tau }_{3} $) are calculated to be 1, 0.1, and 0.006, respectively. Furthermore, by incorporating measurement uncertainty, it is demonstrated that the accuracy of the time delay measurement can exceed the SNL. Combined with the relationship between time delay and angular velocity, the results show that the angular velocity measurement accuracy exceeds that of classical optical gyroscopes. Therefore, this scheme provides a theoretical foundation for further applying quantum gyroscopes to global navigation sensing and precision measurement systems. -
图 1 (a) 频率纠缠双光子源; (b) 旋转空间目标; (c) 基于频率纠缠双光子的级联HOM干涉仪原理框图
Fig. 1. (a) Frequency entangled biphoton source; (b) rotation space target; (c) diagram of cascaded HOM interferometer based on frequency entangled biphoton.
图 2 (a) 频率纠缠双光子的标准HOM干涉图谱; (b) 级联HOM干涉图谱
Fig. 2. (a) Standard HOM interferogram of frequency entangled biphoton; (b) the cascaded HOM interferogram.
图 3 $ \sigma =0.3\;{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{s}} $时, 不同干涉可见度$ \alpha $值下$ F $随$ \tau $的变化
Fig. 3. Variation of quantum Fisher information $ F $ with time delay $ \tau $ in different interference visibility $ \alpha $ at $ \sigma =0.3\;{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{s}} $.
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