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中国物理学会期刊

旋转自旋-轨道角动量耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态性质

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.74.20250542

Ground state properties of rotating spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.74.20250542
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  • 本文以旋转自旋-轨道角动量耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体为对象, 通过数值求解单粒子定态Schrödinger方程和具有平均场相互作用的Gross-Pitaevskii方程, 研究了自旋-轨道角动量耦合与旋转对单粒子基态性质和平均场相互作用基态性质的影响, 发现旋转将导致角动量空间中单粒子能谱的二重简并消失, 单粒子能谱不再是关于零点角动量左右对称, 单粒子基态和平均场基态为占据单个角动量的涡旋态, 其角动量大小与旋转频率、激光强度和自旋-轨道角动量耦合有关. 当旋转频率小于临界值时, 基态涡旋的角动量大小不受旋转频率的影响. 当旋转频率超过临界值时, 基态涡旋的角动量大小将随着旋转频率的增加而增加.

     

    By numerically solving the single-particle stationary Schrödinger equation and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with mean-field interactions at zero temperature, the ground state properties of the rotating spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a harmonic trapping potential are investigated in this work. The results show that the rotation lifts the double degeneracy of the single-particle energy spectrum in the angular momentum space, and leads to the vortex state. The angular momentum of the vortex depends on the rotating frequency, the intensity of the laser beam, and the spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling. In particular, if the rotating frequency is below a critical value, the angular momentum of the ground state vortex remains unaffected by the rotating frequency. When the rotating frequency exceeds the critical value, the angular momentum of the ground state vortex will increase with the rotating frequency increasing. By assuming that the system is confined in a ring trap, the expression of the single-particle energy spectrum in the angular momentum space can be obtained, which clarifies how the rotation frequency affects the angular momentum of the ground state. In the presence of atomic interactions, similar phenomena can also be observed in the mean-field ground state at zero temperature.

     

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