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物理老化很大程度上限制了非晶合金工程应用, 力学激励是一种有效的调控非晶合金能量状态并克服此问题的手段. 本文以Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20非晶合金为模型体系, 使用动态力学分析仪开展高温线性机械循环-回复实验, 基于两相Kelvin模型和特征时间连续谱, 探索了非晶合金机械循环过程中的变形特征及年轻化机制. 结果表明, 机械循环过程中应变和应变速率随机械循环强度提高而增加, 循环加载耗散分量在热力学能量转换中起主导作用. 提高机械循环强度可促进黏弹性变形, 激活非晶合金固有的缺陷, 增加动力学非均匀性, 导致非晶合金变形更倾向于流动的液体. 借助差示扫描量热仪建立了非晶合金变形和能量状态的内禀性关联, 机械循环过程中年轻化起源于黏弹性应变诱导吸热过程. 相较于传统蠕变变形, 机械循环具有更高的年轻化潜力. 该研究为高温流变调控非晶合金的能量状态提供了理论依据, 为进一步理解非晶合金序微观结构非均匀性和年轻化之间的关联提供新的思路.Structural relaxation is significantly restricted. Notably, the dissipative component of cyclic loading dominates the thermodynamic energy of the practical applications of metallic glasses (MGs). Mechanical rejuvenation, achieved through cyclic loading, provides an effective approach for mitigating this problem. In this study, we systematically investigate the deformation characteristics and rejuvenation mechanism of Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 MG under mechanical cycling through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). By using a two-phase Kelvin model and continuous relaxation time spectrum, we elucidate the interplay between mechanical deformation and energy dissipation during cyclic loading. The experimental results demonstrate that the strain rate increases significantly with the increase of the intensity of mechanical cycling, indicating enhanced dynamic activity in the glassy matrix version. At higher cycling intensities, anelastic deformation is promoted, activating a broader spectrum of defects and amplifying dynamic heterogeneity. Through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we establish a quantitative correlation between deformation and energetic state, revealing that the rejuvenation originates from internal heating induced by anelastic strain. A comparative analysis with creep deformation reveals that mechanical cycling exhibits a superior rejuvenation potential, attributed to its ability to periodically excite multi-scale defect clusters and sustain non-equilibrium states. The main findings of this work include 1) Deformation mechanism: Cyclic loading enhances atomic mobility and facilitates deformation unit activation; 2) Energy landscape: The enthalpy change (ΔH) measured by DSC provides a direct metric for rejuvenation efficiency; 3) Dynamic heterogeneity: Mechanical cycling broadens the relaxation time spectrum, reflecting increased dynamic heterogeneity.
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Keywords:
- metallic glasses /
- mechanical cycling /
- rejuvenation /
- relaxation
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图 1 (a)蠕变、(b)循环加载过程中能量耗散计算方式示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of (a) creep and (b) energy dissipation calculation methods during mechanical cycling.
图 2 不同应力速率条件下机械循环过程中Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20非晶合金 (a)应变、(b)蠕变耗能、(c)总应变耗能和(d)蠕变耗散分量权重系数随时间的演化
Fig. 2. Evolution of the weight coefficients of (a) strain, (b) creep energy, (c) total strain energy dissipation, and (d) creep dissipation component of Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 amorphous alloy during mechanical cycling at different stress rates.
图 3 200 MPa/min条件下非晶合金的瞬时应力 (a)及其对应的拟合曲线(b); (c)应力ε值、(d)特征弛豫时间$ \tau $值、(e)斜率随时间的演化; (f)激活体积随应力速率的演化
Fig. 3. (a) Separation stress of amorphous alloy at 200 MPa/min and (b) its corresponding fitting curve; (c) stress value, (d) characteristic relaxation time value, (e) slope evolution over time; (f) evolution of activation volume with stress rate.
图 4 (a)典型蠕变曲线及其对应的拟合曲线; (b) 25 MPa/min条件下非晶合金瞬时应力的高斯分布拟合结果; 拟合弛豫时间的(c)均值、(d)方差
Fig. 4. (a) Typical creep curves and their corresponding fitting curves; (b) Gaussian distribution fitting results of separation stress of amorphous alloys at 25 MPa/min; (c) means, (d) variance of fitted relaxation times.
图 5 (a)应力速率200 MPa/min的样品机械循环-回复过程中黏弹性、黏塑性和能量损耗随回复时间演化过程, 插图为应力速率200 MPa/min的样品机械循环-回复过程中应变随时间的演化; (b)机械循环、蠕变分别回复8 h样品DSC曲线
Fig. 5. (a) Evolution of viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and energy loss with response time during mechanical cycling-response of samples with a stress rate of 200 MPa/min, and the inset shows the evolution of strain with time during mechanical cycling-response of samples with a stress rate of 200 MPa/min; (b) DSC curves of samples responding to mechanical cycling and creep for 8 h, respectively.
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