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实现国家标准时间的自主可控在当前的国际形式下具有重要现实意义。本文通过研究基于自研铯基准钟和国产光抽运守时小铯钟，产生一个独立的、不依赖于外部参考的时间尺度。具体做法是将铯基准钟作为频率参考，用于预报光抽运守时小铯钟的频率漂移。通过分析光抽运守时小铯钟的噪声特性，建立了原子钟的状态方程，基于Kalman滤波算法估计光抽运守时小铯钟的状态。时间尺度的计算是基于原子钟的频率状态估计和频率漂移状态估计作为预报值，通过权重算法实现。研究了基于预测误差的权重算法和噪声特性的权重算法，结果表明利用Kalman滤波状态估计的情况下，基于预测误差的权重算法显著提升了独立时间尺度的准确度。选用铯基准钟作为频率参考，用于预报光抽运守时小铯钟的频率漂移，计算得到的独立时间尺度的准确度和长期稳定度明显优于时间尺度本身作为频率参考的情况。以国际标准时间UTCr为参考得出独立时间尺度的准确度保持在15 ns以内。取样间隔为1天的频率稳定度为1.57×10-14，取样间隔为15天的频率稳定度为4.29×10-15，取样间隔为30天的频率稳定度为2.87×10-15。可满足当前国家用时需求。Realizing the independent control of the national standard time has important practical significance under the current international situation. This paper generates an independent time scale that does not rely on external references by studying the self-developed cesium fountain primary frequency standard and domestic optically pumped small cesium clocks. The specific approach is to use the cesium fountain primary frequency standard as a frequency reference to predict the frequency drift of the optically pumped small cesium clocks. By analyzing the noise characteristics of the optically pumped small cesium clocks, the state equation of the atomic clock was established, and the state of the optically pumped small cesium clock was estimated based on the Kalman filtering algorithm. The calculation of the time scale is based on the frequency state estimation and frequency drift state estimation of atomic clocks as the forecast values, and is achieved through the weight algorithm. The weight algorithm based on prediction error and the weight algorithm based on noise characteristics were studied. The results show that in the case of using Kalman filtering state estimation, the weight algorithm based on prediction error significantly improves the accuracy of the independent time scale. The cesium fountain primary frequency standard was selected as the frequency reference to predict the frequency drift of the optically pumped small cesium clock. The accuracy and long-term stability of the independent time scale calculated were significantly better than those when the time scale itself was used as the frequency reference. Taking the international standard time(UTCr) as the reference, the accuracy of the independent time scale is maintained within 15 ns. The frequency stability with a sampling interval of 1 day was 1.57×10-14, that with a sampling interval of 15 days was 4.29×10-15, and that with a sampling interval of 30 days was 2.87×10-15. It can meet the current national time demand.
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Keywords:
- Atomic clock state model /
- Atomic clock noise /
- Time scale /
- Kaman filtering
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