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磁化同轴枪是一种高效的等离子体注入装置，在核聚变注料、宇宙射流模拟和磁重联研究中具有重要的应用价值。本文基于高速成像和磁场测量技术，观察到球马克、扩散与射流三种磁化同轴枪放电过程中的典型模式，并系统研究了不同模式下等离子体的动力学特征。其后结合理想磁流体力学（MHD）理论，对不同模式下等离子体的磁场位形、旋转行为与轴向运动的内在机制进行了深入分析。结果表明，球马克模式下，等离子体达到泰勒弛豫状态，实现整体匀速旋转，形成稳定的紧凑环（CT）结构；在扩散模式中，偏置磁场较强导致旋转速度较大，离心力增强，进而引发剧烈的径向扩散；射流模式中，由于偏置磁场较弱，等离子体聚集于内电极头部，呈现 箍缩 效应，最终形成具有轴向不稳定性的射流柱结构。该研究结果不仅加深了对磁化同轴枪放电物理过程的认识，也为数值模拟与高效等离子体源的设计提供了一定的实验基础和理论支持。The magnetized coaxial gun is an efficient plasma injection device with significant applications in fusion fueling, astrophysical jet simulation, and magnetic reconnection studies. In this work, three typical discharge regions—spheromak region, diffusive region, and jet region—were observed using high-speed imaging and magnetic field measurements. The dynamic characteristics of the plasma in each region were systematically investigated. Based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory, the magnetic field configurations, rotational behavior, and axial motion mechanisms of the plasma in different regions were carefully analyzed. The results show that in the spheromak region, the plasma reaches a Taylor-relaxed state, exhibits uniform rotation, and forms a stable compact torus (CT) structure. In the diffusive region, a relatively strong bias magnetic field leads to faster rotation, enhanced centrifugal force, and consequently, intense radial diffusion. In the jet region, due to the weaker bias field, the plasma accumulates at the tip of the inner electrode, exhibiting a clear pinch effect and forming a jet with axial instability. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the discharge physics of magnetized coaxial guns but also provide valuable experimental and theoretical support for numerical simulations and the development of efficient plasma sources.
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Keywords:
- magnetized coaxial plasma gun /
- spheromak /
- plasma dynamics /
- ideal MHD
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