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固态电池凭借能量密度大，安全系数高等优势，近年来逐渐成为人们关注和研究的焦点。锂枝晶是影响电池安全性和使用寿命的关键因素，严重时会发生电池短路的情况。相较于液态电池，固态电池依赖于机械强度更高的固态电解质，能有效的抑制锂枝晶的生长，然而随着充放电循环次数的增加，由于锂枝晶未完全溶解而产生的死锂逐渐累积，电池的性能逐渐降低。本文针对固态电池中的死锂问题，采用相场法模拟了力-热-电化学三种物理场耦合下的锂枝晶溶解和死锂产生过程。结论显示，当在相场模型中耦合入传热模型或者力学场后，枝晶溶解截止时间和死锂面积都会发生变化。同时，在此基础上升高温度或是施加低外压、高外压时，死锂面积都会降低。而对于改变电化学参数，减小扩散系数、增大界面迁移率以及减小各向异性强度都能有效减少死锂面积。With the advantages of high energy density and high safety factor, solidstate batteries have gradually become the focus of people's attention and research in recent years. Lithium dendrites are a key factor affecting battery safety and service life, and in severe cases, battery short circuits can occur. Compared with liquid batteries, solid-state batteries rely on solid-state electrolytes with higher mechanical strength, which can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, but with the increase of the number of charge-discharge cycles, the dead lithium produced by the incomplete dissolution of lithium dendrites gradually accumulates, and the performance of the battery gradually decreases. In this paper, the problem of dead lithium in solid-state batteries is studied by using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 finite element simulation software. Since the current research on dead lithium focuses on phase field models coupled with binary physics, there are few studies on the influence of electrochemical parameters on dead lithium. Therefore, the phase field method is used to simulate the dissolution of lithium dendrites and the formation of dead lithium under the coupling of force-thermal-electrochemical fields. When the heat transfer model is coupled, due to the change of lithium dendrite stress distribution, the difference in the morphology of dead lithium before and after the coupled heat transfer model is further studied by applying external pressure to change the stress. When the coupled mechanical field changes, the morphology of dead lithium before and after the coupled mechanical field is further studied by changing the temperature magnitude. At the same time, the effects of changes in three electrochemical parameters, namely diffusion coefficient, interfacial mobility and anisotropic strength, on the area of dead lithium were also explored. The conclusion shows that when the heat transfer model or mechanical field is coupled into the phase field model, the dendrite dissolution cut-off time and dead lithium area will change. When the base rises at high temperature or when low external pressure or high external pressure is applied, the area of dead lithium decreases. For changing the electrochemical parameters, reducing the diffusion coefficient, increasing the interfacial mobility and reducing the anisotropic strength can effectively reduce the area of dead lithium.
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Keywords:
- Solid-state battery /
- Phase field method /
- Lithium dendrites /
- Dead lithium
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