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综述了布里渊光散射(Brillouin light scattering, BLS)技术的基本原理、发展历程及实验装置演化, 并深入探讨了其在现代科学研究中的多领域应用. BLS技术基于光子与材料中元激发(如磁子、声子)的非弹性散射过程, 通过精确测量散射光的频移, 可获取这些准粒子的能量、动量及相互作用等关键物理信息. 自1914年布里渊首次提出理论预测以来, BLS技术经历了显著的技术演进: 从早期仅能实现单一波矢的选择性测量, 逐步发展为兼具微米级空间分辨率、纳秒时间分辨率和相位测量能力的高精度表征手段. 这一技术演化过程不仅拓展了布里渊光散射在凝聚态物理研究中的应用范围, 更使其成为研究磁子动力学和声子输运现象的重要工具. 本文详细阐述了串联法布里-珀罗干涉仪的工作原理及其在BLS高精度光谱分析中的核心作用, 并结合近年来一系列前沿研究案例, 系统展示了BLS技术在自旋波色散关系测量、非互易传播特性研究、非线性动力学表征、磁声耦合效应, 以及生物力学分析等领域的独特优势. 随着BLS技术的持续优化及其与新兴表征方法的交叉融合, 布里渊光散射作为一种多维度、高灵敏度的光学无损探测平台, 将在材料科学、量子信息、生物医学等前沿领域发挥更加关键的作用.
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关键词:
- 布里渊光散射 /
- 自旋波 /
- 声子 /
- 串联法布里-珀罗干涉仪
Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy has emerged as a cornerstone technique for investigating elementary excitations in condensed matter systems, offering unique capabilities for the noninvasive characterization of magnon and phonon dynamics. This review examines the fundamental principles, technological evolution, and diverse applications of BLS across multiple research domains.BLS operates through inelastic scattering between photons and quasiparticles (magnons, phonons), enabling precise measurement of excitation frequencies, propagation characteristics, and interaction mechanisms through the detection of characteristic frequency shifts. Since Brillouin's theoretical prediction in 1914 and Gross's experimental verification in 1930, this technique has evolved dramatically. The Sandercock’s revolutionary development of tandem Fabry-Pérot interferometers in the 1970s laid the foundation for modern high-resolution BLS systems, achieving contrast ratios exceeding 10^10 and frequency resolution in the MHz range.We detail four advanced BLS configurations: 1) Traditional wave-vector-resolved systems that can precisely measure dispersion relation and detect non-reciprocal spin wave propagation induced by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions; 2) Micro-focused BLS (μBLS) that can achieve sub-micrometer spatial resolution for nanoscale magnetic structure characterization; 3) Time-resolved BLS (TR-BLS) that provides nanosecond temporal resolution for studying ultrafast dynamics, magnon Bose-Einstein condensation, and nonlinear phenomena; 4) Phase-resolved BLS (PR-BLS) that can directly measure wave vector and phase through electro-optical modulation.Beyond traditional magnonic applications, BLS demonstrates remarkable versatility in phonon research and magnetoacoustic coupling studies. The technique's polarization-sensitive detection can simultaneously investigate the magnon-phonon hybrid states and energy transfer mechanisms. Notably, BLS has successfully expanded into biomedical applications, exhibiting non-contact characterization of cellular and tissue viscoelastic properties at GHz frequencies and revealing disease-related biomechanical changes.As BLS technology continues to advance through improved instrumentation and novel methods, it serves as an indispensable platform spanning quantum materials research, magnonic device development, and cellular mechanobiology, positioning itself at the forefront of interdisciplinary science, thus bridging condensed matter physics, materials engineering, and biomedical research.-
Keywords:
- Brillouin light scattering /
- spin wave /
- phonon /
- tandem Fabry-Pérot interferometer
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中国物理学会期刊
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