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晶格模式是周期性结构的固有特性，通过改变阵列结构的周期可以对其进行有效调控。本文提出了一种基于金纳米条与以二氧化钒为衬底的金S型开口环的杂化太赫兹超表面结构，该结构能够同时激发宽带的局域表面等离子体共振（明模式）和受晶格模式影响的窄带表面晶格共振（暗模式）。通过干涉相消效应，在阵列结构单元中实现了明-明模式与明-暗模式的双诱导透明现象，两个透明窗口的透射率分别达到66.03%和59.4%。进一步研究表明，通过调节阵列结构周期，不仅可有效调控透明窗口的形成；同时，利用二氧化钒电导率的动态变化，还能实现透明窗“ON/OFF”的动态开关特性。值得注意的是，在受晶格模式影响的高频透明窗频点处，观测到了8.1 ps的群延时。此外，周期调节还能显著优化共振性能——可使低频点杂化共振的品质因子实现一个数量级的提升。该研究为慢光器件、超灵敏传感器以及多频带窄带滤波器的设计提供了新思路。The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like in terahertz (THz) metasurfaces facilitates agile manipulation of electromagnetic wave transmission windows and the deceleration of light, rendering it suitable for applications in modulators, absorbers, slow light devices, and more. Traditional design methodologies focus on the coupling between bright-dark modes and bright-bright modes within the unit cell, leveraging interference cancellation effects to regulate electromagnetic wave transmission. Notably, the periodicity of the array structure also plays a pivotal role in modulating the amplitude and resonance intensity of the transparent window, a phenomenon termed lattice-induced transparency (LIT). In this paper, we introduce a gold nanorod structure and an S-shaped gold split-ring resonator supported on a vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film to investigate LIT. Unlike conventional structures that solely consider single bright-bright or bright-dark mode coupling, our proposed structure incorporates both bright-bright and bright-dark modes coupling. Furthermore, the dark mode in our structure is not a conventional multipolar mode but rather a surface lattice resonance (SLR) arising from the coupling between lattice modes and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the structure itself.
Through the analysis of simulated transmission spectra for the individual gold nanorod and S-shaped split-ring structures, we observed that the gold nanorod exhibits LSPR at 0.985 THz, whereas the S-shaped split-ring structure demonstrates LSPR and SLR at 0.51 THz and 1.025 THz, respectively. When combined, these structures form transparent windows with transmission rates of 66.03% and 59.4% at 0.643 THz and 1.01 THz due to the interplay of bright-bright and bright-dark modes coupling. Upon examining the electric field distribution in the x-y plane, we found that the electric field energy is predominantly concentrated on the S-shaped split-ring.
To gain deeper insights into each resonance mode, we employed multipolar decomposition to quantify resonance scattering energy. Our findings revealed that both transparent windows are predominantly governed by electric dipole scattering energy. Further investigations showed that as the array structure’s period varies from 60 μmto 95 μm, the lattice mode progressively couples into the high frequency transmission valley (1.031 THz), giving rise to a high frequency hybrid mode (HFHM). The Q value of this mode initially increases and then decreases, peaking at 27 when the period is 84 μm. Similarly, as the period continues to increase, the lattice mode couples into the low frequency resonance valley (0.76 THz), forming a low frequency hybrid mode (LFHM) with a Q value that reaches a maximum of 51 at 115 μm—approximately an order of magnitude higher than that at a period of 60 μm. Additionally, as the periodicity increases, the near field coupling effect between adjacent units diminishes, leading to the gradual disappearance of the two transparent windows.
To achieve active control over these transparent windows, we varied the conductivity of VO2 from 20 S/m to 30000 S/m, resulting in a decrease in the transmission amplitudes of the two transparent windows to 37.58% and 3.39%, respectively. Finally, we investigated the slow light effect of the two transparent windows, comparing the maximum group delay between them, which was found to be 8.1 ps. The terahertz metasurface proposed in this study opens up avenues for the design of dynamically tunable sensing and slow light devices in the future.-
Keywords:
- terahertz hybrid metasurface /
- lattice mode /
- lattice-induced transparency /
- quality factor
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