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核反应率数据库是天体核合成与恒星演化建模的关键输入量，直接影响各类核天体物理过程的计算精度与物理可信度。近年来，高分辨4π探测器阵列、新型气体探测器、γ–带电粒子符合测量等先进实验技术在关键核天体物理反应研究中得到广泛应用;同时，锦屏深地核天体物理实验平台等地下低本底设施也取得了一系列重要进展。这些新的低能区实验测量结果，相较于传统数据库依赖的经验外推或者理论计算，为关键核反应天体环境温度区间的热核反应率评估提供了更直接的约束，也为未来数据库的持续优化提供了新的实验支撑。本文系统回顾了当前主流核反应率数据库——REACLIB、STARLIB、BRUSLIB等的建库目标、数据结构与典型应用，梳理了它们在数据库覆盖、拟合方式与误差评价等方面的特征。这些数据库在推动核反应网络计算标准化进程中发挥了重要作用。在此基础上，结合当前核反应率数据库特点，在元数据存储结构、数据库更新以及人员组织形式等方面提出若干方法，并强调了前沿实验进展对先进数据库构建的重要性。Nuclear reaction rate databases serve as essential inputs for nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution modeling, directly influencing the accuracy and physical reliability of calculations in various nuclear astrophysics processes. This work provides a comprehensive review of the major reaction rate databases— REACLIB, STARLIB, and BRUSLIB—highlighting their objectives, data structures, and representative applications, and discussing their coverage, fitting methods, and uncertainty evaluation. These databases have been instrumental in advancing the standardization of nuclear reaction network calculations. However, although these databases have significantly lowered the barrier to performing network modeling, there remains substantial room for improvement in aspects such as database unit structures, update mechanisms, and organizational frameworks. For example, detailed information on the underlying nuclear physics experiments or data analyses is often not included in REACLIB. Therefore, enhancing the stored metadata warrants careful consideration, since it can significantly improve the reliability of astrophysical modeling. At the same time, the advancement of nuclear astrophysics reaction rate databases depends heavily on continuous progress at the experimental frontier. In recent years, innovative experimental techniques—such as novel 4π high-resolution detector arrays and γ–charged particle coincidence measurements—have been widely applied to studies of key nuclear astrophysics reactions, significantly expanding research capabilities. To meet the demands of cutting-edge astrophysical studies for accurate reaction rates, the real-time updating and systematic evaluation of experimental data for key reactions represent both an important opportunity and an urgent challenge for the development of modern databases. several important achievements of the JUNA Collaboration at the Jinping underground nuclear astrophysics facility, where low-background experiments have been conducted, are also presented in this paper. These new low-energy measurements, when compared with traditional extrapolations used in databases, are found to provide more direct constraints on key reactions in nuclear astrophysics and to offer crucial experimental support for the continuous optimization of future databases.
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Keywords:
- Nuclear astrophysics /
- Nuclear reaction rate database /
- Stellar nucleosynthesis /
- Underground experiment
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