The study of nuclear reactions in plasma environments plays a crucial role in nuclear physics, fusion energy, and astrophysics. The core challenge lies in developing methods and technologies for measuring nuclear reactions in complex plasma environments to accurately obtain relevant nuclear reaction data. This review presents key innovations by the China Institute of Atomic Energy in laser-driven nuclear reaction diagnostics. To overcome EMP interference, a gated ²⁵²Cf fission source calibration method was developed, utilizing intrinsic γ-n correlations to achieve direct in-situ calibration of the neutron detector. This technique reduced calibration uncertainty to 46%—50% and improved the signal-to-noise ratio tenfold on the Shenguang-II facility. For plasma instability, a self-calibration method based on plasma-jet collisions was established. By measuring the neutron yield ratio Y_LiD/Y_DD = 0.07±0.01 from ⁷LiD targets, the astrophysical S-factor for ⁷Li(D,n) was determined as (24±8) MeV·barn—the first such measurement in a full plasma environment. Results align with cold-target data, indicating negligible electron screening in this regime, suggesting alternative mechanisms for the cosmological lithium problem. D-D experiments yielded 10⁶ neutrons/shot with plasma flow velocities of 8.4×10⁵ m/s matching Gamow window conditions. Proton yields were measured at 8.2×10⁶ per shot using CR-39 diagnostics. These innovations establish quantitative standards for EMP-resistant neutron diagnostics and provide crucial nuclear data for astrophysical models, advancing extreme-condition plasma physics. The original oscilloscope waveform data, measured by the scintillation detector in the target room of the Shanghai Shenguang Facility during each laser shot from August 6 to August 14, 2019, are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00185.