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近年来，随着阿秒脉冲与偏振整形技术的发展，原子和分子光电离产生的光电子动量分布中具有阿基米德螺旋特征涡旋结构引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了阿秒光电离中电子涡旋的产生机制、超快动力学行为及其应用前景。理论研究表明，电子涡旋源于不同磁量子数光电子波包之间的量子干涉，其旋臂数目与空间分布对激光脉冲的偏振、时间延迟、啁啾特性以及靶体系的轨道对称性高度敏感。实验上，通过结合偏振整形脉冲与高分辨率光电子成像技术，已成功观测并验证了多种涡旋结构。电子涡旋不仅在干涉测量、载波包络相位提取、电子位移与时间延迟测定等方面展现出重要应用价值，还可为分子轨道成像与量子态操控提供新途径。本文还展望了电子涡旋在强场电离、分子解离等领域的潜在研究方向与应用前景。In recent years, with the advancement of attosecond pulse generation and polarization-shaping techniques, vortex structures with Archimedean spiral features observed in photoelectron momentum distributions have attracted broad attention in the study of ultrafast electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. This paper provides a systematic review of the generation mechanisms, dynamical behavior, and application prospects of electron vortices in attosecond photoionization. Theoretical studies reveal that electron vortices originate from quantum interference between photoelectron wave packets with different magnetic quantum numbers. Their number of spiral arms and spatial distributions are highly sensitive to the laser pulse polarization, time delay, chirp, and the orbital symmetry of the target system. Experimentally, by combining polarization-shaped pulses with high-resolution photoelectron imaging techniques, a variety of vortex structures have been successfully observed and verified. Beyond their fundamental interest, electron vortices demonstrate significant application potential in interference metrology, carrier-envelope phase retrieval, electron displacement and time-delay measurements, and further open new avenues for molecular orbital imaging and quantum-state control. Finally, this paper outlines future research directions and potential applications of electron vortices in strong-field ionization, molecular dissociation, and related areas.
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Keywords:
- Photoelectron momentum distribution /
- Photoelectron vortex /
- Attosecond pulse /
- Quantum interference
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